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Fractures: Bone Repair

Fractures: Bone Repair

Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the procedure...

Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius

Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius

The radius is longer of the two bones that make up the human antebrachium or forearm. At the proximal end, the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna to form the elbow joint. At the distal end, the radius articulates with the ulna via the ulnar notch, forming the distal radioulnar joint. Distally, the radius also attaches to the carpal wrist bones (scaphoid and lunate) to form the radiocarpal joint.
The radius has a nail-shaped head, and a short...

Functional Classification of Joints

Functional Classification of Joints

Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An immobile...

Ankle Joint

Ankle Joint

The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...

Joints

Joints

Joints, also called articulations or articular surfaces, are points at which ligaments or other tissues connect adjacent bones. Joints permit movement and stability, and can be classified based on their structure or function.
Structural joint classifications are based on the material that makes up the joint as well as whether or not the joint contains a space between the bones. Joints are structurally classified as fibrous, cartilaginous, or synovial.
Fibrous Joints Are Immovable
The bones of a...

Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna

Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna

The ulna and radius are parallel bones of the antebrachium or the forearm. The ulna lies medially and consists of a bony tip called the olecranon process at its proximal end. This hook-like projection articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus and forms the "hinged" ulnohumeral part of the elbow joint. This joint facilitates forearm extension and flexion while preventing its hyperextension. Similarly, the coronoid process, another bony projection on the proximal/anterior side of the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

$Pseudofracture: An Acute Peripheral Tissue Trauma Model$

Pseudofracture: An Acute Peripheral Tissue Trauma Model

Published on: April 18, 2011

Fracture-dislocation about the finger joints.

R P Calfee¹, T G Sommerkamp

¹Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Division of Hand Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. calfeer@wudosis.wustl.edu

The Journal of Hand Surgery

|August 1, 2009

Summary

Treating finger fracture-dislocations requires careful consideration of fracture type and joint stability. Proximal interphalangeal joint injuries can lead to stiffness, while metacarpophalangeal joint dislocations may involve blockages to reduction.

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Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

$Pseudofracture: An Acute Peripheral Tissue Trauma Model$

Pseudofracture: An Acute Peripheral Tissue Trauma Model

Published on: April 18, 2011

Novel Triple-Loop Technique for Suturing TFCC Injuries without Transosseous Tunnel

Novel Triple-Loop Technique for Suturing TFCC Injuries without Transosseous Tunnel

Published on: May 23, 2025

Area of Science:

Orthopedic surgery
Hand surgery
Traumatology

Background:

Fracture-dislocations in small finger joints present significant clinical challenges.
Treatment decisions depend on fracture characteristics, joint stability, and injury chronicity.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the management principles for fracture-dislocations in the small joints of the fingers.
To highlight the differential challenges posed by injuries to the proximal interphalangeal (PIP), distal interphalangeal (DIP), and metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature and clinical experience regarding finger joint fracture-dislocations.
Analysis of injury patterns, reduction techniques, and potential complications specific to each joint.

Main Results:

Proximal interphalangeal joint fracture-dislocations are often unforgiving, risking pain and stiffness.
Distal interphalangeal joint injuries demonstrate greater tolerance for displacement and subluxation.
Metacarpophalangeal joint dorsal dislocations can involve metacarpal head fractures and volar plate interposition, complicating closed reduction.

Conclusions:

Optimal treatment for finger fracture-dislocations necessitates a tailored approach based on specific joint involvement and injury severity.
Understanding the unique biomechanics and potential complications of PIP, DIP, and MCP joint injuries is crucial for successful outcomes.