Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
Epilepsy ll: Types01:22

Epilepsy ll: Types

Recurrent seizures, stemming from abnormal electrical activity in the brain, are the defining characteristic of epilepsy, a chronic neurological condition. Because seizure features vary greatly, epilepsy is classified using two systems: by seizure type and by epilepsy syndromes. These classifications enable clinicians to describe seizure patterns and select suitable treatment strategies.I. Classification by Seizure Type1. Focal EpilepsyFocal epilepsy begins in one hemisphere of the brain.
Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
Poliomyelitis01:17

Poliomyelitis

Poliomyelitis is caused by poliovirus, a small, non-enveloped, positive-sense RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family and Enterovirus genus. Transmission occurs primarily via the fecal-oral route, often through ingestion of contaminated water or food. The virus initially replicates in the oropharynx and intestinal mucosa, particularly in lymphoid tissues such as the tonsils, Peyer’s patches, and regional lymph nodes. Primary viremia follows, allowing dissemination throughout the body.In most...
Parkinson Disease l: Introduction01:24

Parkinson Disease l: Introduction

Parkinson’s disease is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects movement. It is characterized by motor symptoms such as resting tremors, muscle rigidity, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), and postural instability. Patients may notice hand tremors at rest, stiffness during movement, or a shuffling gait. In addition to motor features, non-motor symptoms include sleep disturbances, mood and behavioral changes, constipation, and cognitive impairment, all of which...
Intellectual Disability01:29

Intellectual Disability

Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning that manifest during the developmental period. This condition encompasses challenges in reasoning, memory, problem-solving, and learning, accompanied by impairments in everyday life skills, such as communication, self-care, and social interactions. Intellectual disability affects approximately 1% of the population in the United States, impacting an estimated 5...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Prevalence and Co-occurring Developmental, Neurological, and Mental Health Conditions of Cerebral Palsy Among Children in the United States: 2016-2021.

Maternal and child health journal·2025
Same author

Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnoses and Congenital Cytomegalovirus.

Pediatrics·2024
Same author

Use of quantitative bias analysis to evaluate single-arm trials with real-world data external controls.

Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety·2024
Same author

Remote Delivery of Allied and Behavioral Healthcare During COVID-19 for Children With Developmental Disabilities.

JAACAP open·2024
Same author

Racial and ethnic disparities in the co-occurrence of intellectual disability and autism: Impact of incorporating measures of adaptive functioning.

Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research·2024
Same author

Health and Education Services During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Other Developmental Disabilities.

Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics : JDBP·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

A Battery of Motor Tests in a Neonatal Mouse Model of Cerebral Palsy
10:02

A Battery of Motor Tests in a Neonatal Mouse Model of Cerebral Palsy

Published on: November 3, 2016

Cerebral palsy: classification and epidemiology.

Amy Thornhill Pakula1, Kim Van Naarden Braun, Marshalyn Yeargin-Allsopp

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, The Marcus Autism Center, Emory University, 1920 Briarcliff Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.

Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America
|August 1, 2009
PubMed
Summary

This review covers cerebral palsy (CP), the leading childhood motor disability. It examines CP causes, risk factors like birth weight and gestational age, and prevalence measurement methods.

More Related Videos

Event-related Potentials During Target-response Tasks to Study Cognitive Processes of Upper Limb Use in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy
08:26

Event-related Potentials During Target-response Tasks to Study Cognitive Processes of Upper Limb Use in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy

Published on: January 11, 2016

Enhancing the Development and Growth of Infant Cerebral Palsy Rats Using Selective Spinal Manipulations
05:04

Enhancing the Development and Growth of Infant Cerebral Palsy Rats Using Selective Spinal Manipulations

Published on: February 2, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

A Battery of Motor Tests in a Neonatal Mouse Model of Cerebral Palsy
10:02

A Battery of Motor Tests in a Neonatal Mouse Model of Cerebral Palsy

Published on: November 3, 2016

Event-related Potentials During Target-response Tasks to Study Cognitive Processes of Upper Limb Use in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy
08:26

Event-related Potentials During Target-response Tasks to Study Cognitive Processes of Upper Limb Use in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy

Published on: January 11, 2016

Enhancing the Development and Growth of Infant Cerebral Palsy Rats Using Selective Spinal Manipulations
05:04

Enhancing the Development and Growth of Infant Cerebral Palsy Rats Using Selective Spinal Manipulations

Published on: February 2, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pediatrics
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common motor disability in childhood.
  • Understanding its historical context, classification, and causes is crucial for effective management and prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the historical background, classification, and etiology of cerebral palsy (CP).
  • To examine methods for measuring CP prevalence.
  • To categorize and discuss various risk factors associated with CP.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of historical data on cerebral palsy.
  • Analysis of classification systems for CP.
  • Examination of epidemiological studies on CP prevalence.
  • Categorization of risk factors into prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal groups.

Main Results:

  • Cerebral palsy etiology is multi-factorial with numerous causes.
  • Leading prenatal and perinatal risk factors include low birth weight and premature gestational age.
  • Other significant risk factors identified are neonatal encephalopathy, infections, inflammation, multiple pregnancies, and genetic factors.

Conclusions:

  • Cerebral palsy is a complex condition with diverse origins.
  • Identifying and mitigating risk factors, particularly those related to birth weight and gestational age, is key to reducing CP incidence.
  • Continued research into the multifactorial etiology of CP is essential.