Flow/sequential injection sample treatment coupled to capillary electrophoresis. A review

Area of Science:

• Analytical Chemistry
• Separation Science

Background:

• Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a powerful separation technique.
• Flow injection (FI) is a sample handling method.
• The integration of FI with CE aims to enhance analytical capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive review of flow injection-capillary electrophoresis (FI-CE) systems developed since 1997.
• To cover various sample handling approaches and applications of FI-CE.
• To discuss the current state-of-the-art and future prospects of FI-CE.

Main Methods:

• Review of scientific literature on FI-CE systems from 1997 onwards.
• Categorization of FI-CE systems, including classical, microchip, and hybrid approaches.
• Analysis of sample treatment techniques integrated with FI-CE.

Main Results:

• Numerous ingenious FI-CE systems have been developed since 1997.
• FI-CE systems facilitate various on-line sample treatments like preconcentration and derivatization.
• Hybrid and microchip FI-CE systems represent significant advancements.

Conclusions:

• Flow injection coupled with capillary electrophoresis has evolved significantly, offering versatile sample handling solutions.
• FI-CE systems have demonstrated broad utility in diverse practical applications.
• The field is poised for continued innovation and development.