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Related Concept Videos

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
Antigen Processing Pathways01:31

Antigen Processing Pathways

MHC molecules are key players in the immune response, enabling T cells to recognize and respond to specific antigens. They are present on the surface of all nucleated cells in the body and are instrumental in presenting antigens to T cells and activating them. T cells recognize the MHC-antigen complex and initiate an immune response. MHC class I and MHC class II are two main types of MHC molecules, each associated with a distinct antigen processing pathway.
MHC Class I: Presenting Endogenous...
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Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
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Antigen Presenting Cells01:22

Antigen Presenting Cells

The immune system is a complex network of cells and molecules that protects the body from foreign invaders. T cells, a type of white blood cell, play a crucial role in this process. They recognize and attack foreign substances, such as pathogens, that enter the body.
T cells require the help of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which process foreign antigens into smaller fragments that can be recognized by T cells. These APCs are highly specialized cells that efficiently internalize antigens...

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In Situ Detection of Autoreactive CD4 T Cells in Brain and Heart Using Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Dextramers
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Class I major histocompatibility complexes loaded by a periodate trigger.

Boris Rodenko1, Mireille Toebes, Patrick H N Celie

  • 1Division of Cell Biology II, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|August 7, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a new chemical trigger method to create defined peptide-MHCs, overcoming limitations of UV-based approaches for applications like T cell therapy and high-throughput screening.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Structural Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Class I Major Histocompatibility Complexes (MHCs) are crucial for presenting peptides to cytotoxic T cells.
  • Current methods for generating recombinant MHCs require in vitro refolding with excess peptides, limiting high-throughput production.
  • Photocaged ligands offer conditional MHC ligand exchange but are hindered by UV light penetration and heat issues in cell culture.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel chemical trigger-induced method for generating defined peptide-MHCs.
  • To overcome the limitations of UV-based ligand exchange for MHC complex production.
  • To enable applications in T cell therapy and high-throughput screening.

Main Methods:

  • Design and synthesis of a novel chemosensitive ligand for MHC molecules.
  • Crystallographic analysis of MHC-ligand complex to confirm binding site occupancy and ligand reactivity.
  • Validation of the chemical trigger method for producing peptide-MHCs for T cell detection.

Main Results:

  • A crystal structure confirmed the chemosensitive ligand binds to the MHC in a reactive conformation.
  • The chemical trigger method successfully generated defined peptide-MHCs.
  • The produced peptide-MHCs were validated for T cell detection.

Conclusions:

  • Chemical trigger-induced ligand exchange provides a versatile and applicable method for generating defined peptide-MHCs.
  • This technology facilitates MHC loading in cell culture for T cell expansion and purification in cell therapy.
  • The methodology supports the development of miniaturized systems for high-throughput screening of MHC ligands.