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Related Concept Videos

Fluid Pressure01:14

Fluid Pressure

In mechanical engineering, fluid pressure plays a critical role in designing systems that utilize liquid flow, such as hydraulic systems, pumps, and valves. When designing these systems, engineers must ensure they can withstand the forces created by fluid pressure to avoid damage or failure.
According to Pascal's law, a fluid at rest will generate equal pressure in all directions. This pressure is measured as a force per unit area, and its magnitude depends on the fluid's specific weight or...
Pressure Variation in a Fluid at Rest01:11

Pressure Variation in a Fluid at Rest

In a fluid at rest, the pressure at any point beneath the fluid surface depends solely on the depth, not on the container's shape or size. This principle, known as hydrostatic pressure, arises because, in stationary fluids, there is no acceleration, meaning the forces within the fluid balance out. Only vertical forces, caused by the weight of the fluid above, contribute to pressure changes with depth.
When measuring pressure at two different levels within the fluid, the difference in pressure...
Fluid Pressure over Flat Plate of Variable Width01:02

Fluid Pressure over Flat Plate of Variable Width

When a flat plate is submerged in a fluid, the fluid exerts pressure on the plate. This pressure can lead to many different phenomena, including drag and buoyancy. To understand the behavior of the fluid over a flat plate of variable width, it is essential to analyze the distribution of the pressure exerted.
The pressure distribution on the plate can be calculated by determining the force that acts on a differential area strip of the plate. Thus, the magnitude of the force is equal to the...
Basic Equation for Pressure Field01:13

Basic Equation for Pressure Field

The basic equation for a pressure field in fluid mechanics captures the balance of forces within any segment of fluid, providing a foundational understanding of how pressure changes within fluids under various forces. Generally, two main types of forces act on any part of a fluid: surface forces and body forces. Surface forces arise from pressure differences across points within the fluid, which result in net forces that can vary depending on the local pressure gradient. Body forces, on the...
Pascal's Law01:04

Pascal's Law

In 1653, the French philosopher and scientist Blaise Pascal published "Treatise on the Equilibrium of Liquids," which discussed the principles of static fluids. A static fluid is a fluid that is not in motion. When a fluid is not flowing, we say that the fluid is in static equilibrium. If the fluid is water, we say it is in hydrostatic equilibrium. For a fluid in static equilibrium, the net force on any part of the fluid must be zero; otherwise, the fluid will start to flow. Pascal observed...
Fluid Pressure over Curved Plate of Constant Width01:12

Fluid Pressure over Curved Plate of Constant Width

When a curved plate of constant width is submerged in a liquid, the pressure acting normal to the plate varies continuously both in magnitude and direction. Calculating the magnitude and location of the resultant force at a point is often challenging for such cases. One of the methods to determine the resultant force and its location involves separately calculating the horizontal and vertical components of the resultant force. This complex calculation can be simplified by representing the...

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Characterizing Multiscale Mechanical Properties of Brain Tissue Using Atomic Force Microscopy, Impact Indentation, and Rheometry
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Characterizing Multiscale Mechanical Properties of Brain Tissue Using Atomic Force Microscopy, Impact Indentation, and Rheometry

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Pressure-Induced Invar Behavior in Pd3Fe.

M L Winterrose1, M S Lucas, A F Yue

  • 1California Institute of Technology, W. M. Keck Laboratory 138-78, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|August 8, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

High-pressure studies on L1_{2}-ordered Palladium-Iron (Pd3Fe) reveal a magnetic moment collapse and Invar behavior. Density functional theory calculations explored its magnetic ground states under pressure.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Solid-State Chemistry

Background:

  • Palladium-Iron (Pd3Fe) is an L1_{2}-ordered intermetallic compound with potential applications due to its magnetic and structural properties.
  • Understanding its behavior under extreme conditions (high pressure and temperature) is crucial for predicting its performance and exploring new phases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the structural and magnetic properties of L1_{2}-ordered Pd3Fe under high pressure and temperature.
  • To determine the pressure-induced magnetic transition and thermal expansion characteristics.
  • To computationally explore the magnetic ground states of Pd3Fe at high pressures.

Main Methods:

  • Synchrotron X-ray Diffraction (XRD) for structural analysis and bulk modulus determination.
  • Nuclear Forward Scattering (NFS) to probe the 57Fe magnetic moment.
  • Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations for ground state magnetic phase analysis.

Main Results:

  • A collapse of the 57Fe magnetic moment was observed between 8.9 and 12.3 GPa at 300 K.
  • A concurrent transition in bulk modulus was detected via XRD, correlating with the magnetic collapse.
  • Negligible thermal expansion from 300 to 523 K at 7 GPa indicated Invar behavior.
  • DFT calculations predicted a ferromagnetic ground state at ambient pressure and identified energetically competitive antiferromagnetic states above 20 GPa.

Conclusions:

  • High pressure significantly alters the magnetic and structural properties of Pd3Fe.
  • The observed magnetic collapse and Invar behavior highlight the complex interplay between structure and magnetism in this alloy.
  • Computational methods complement experimental findings, providing insights into the underlying electronic and magnetic interactions.