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Related Concept Videos

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling01:27

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling

The coupling interactions of nuclei across four or more bonds are usually weak, with J values less than 1 Hz. While these are usually not observed in spectra, the presence of multiple bonds along the coupling pathway can result in observable long-range coupling.
In alkenes, spin information is communicated via σ–π overlap, as seen in allylic (four-bond) and homoallylic (five-bond) couplings. These coupling interactions are stronger when the σ bond is parallel to the alkene π orbitals.
Chemical Bonds02:40

Chemical Bonds


Atoms participate in a chemical bond formation to acquire a completed valence-shell electron configuration similar to that of the noble gas nearest to it in atomic number. Ionic, covalent, and metallic bonds are some of the important types of chemical bonds. Bond energy and bond length determine the strength of a chemical bond.
Types of Chemical Bonds
An ionic bond is formed due to electrostatic attraction between cations and anions. Often, the ions are formed by the transfer of electrons from...
Van der Waals Interactions01:24

Van der Waals Interactions

Atoms and molecules interact with each other through intermolecular forces. These electrostatic forces arise from attractive or repulsive interactions between particles with permanent, partial, or temporary charges. The intermolecular forces between neutral atoms and molecules are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, and dispersion forces, collectively known as van der Waals forces.Polar molecules have a partial positive charge on one end and a partial negative charge on the other end of the molecule,...
Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...
Noncovalent Attractions in Biomolecules02:35

Noncovalent Attractions in Biomolecules

Noncovalent attractions are associations within and between molecules that influence the shape and structural stability of complexes. These interactions differ from covalent bonding in that they do not involve sharing of electrons.
Four types of noncovalent interactions are hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces, ionic bonds, and hydrophobic interactions.
Hydrogen bonding results from the electrostatic attraction of a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to a strong-electronegative atom like oxygen,...
Noncovalent Attractions in Biomolecules02:35

Noncovalent Attractions in Biomolecules

Noncovalent attractions are associations within and between molecules that influence the shape and structural stability of complexes. These interactions differ from covalent bonding in that they do not involve sharing of electrons.
Four types of noncovalent interactions are hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces, ionic bonds, and hydrophobic interactions.
Hydrogen bonding results from the electrostatic attraction of a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to a strong-electronegative atom like oxygen,...

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Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities
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Published on: July 24, 2015

Long-range interaction between adatoms in graphene.

Andrei V Shytov1, Dmitry A Abanin, Leonid S Levitov

  • 1Department of Physics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|August 8, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We discovered an electron-mediated interaction between adatoms in graphene, similar to the Casimir effect. This interaction can attract or repel adatoms, leading to aggregation, particularly in hydrogenated graphene systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Surface Science

Background:

  • Adatom interactions on surfaces are crucial for understanding material properties.
  • Graphene's unique electronic structure influences adatom behavior.
  • Previous models did not fully capture long-range interactions between adatoms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a theoretical framework for electron-mediated interactions between adatoms in graphene.
  • To investigate the nature and range of these interactions, especially in hydrogenated graphene.
  • To determine the conditions leading to attractive or repulsive forces and adatom aggregation.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical modeling of electron-mediated interactions.
  • Analysis of resonant scattering in graphene.
  • Comparison with fermionic analogs of the Casimir interaction.

Main Results:

  • A long-range 1/r interaction between adatoms in graphene was identified.
  • The interaction strength and type (attractive/repulsive) depend on sublattice occupation.
  • Attraction dominates for randomly distributed adatoms, promoting aggregation.

Conclusions:

  • Electron-mediated interactions significantly influence adatom behavior in graphene.
  • The discovered interaction provides a new mechanism for adatom self-organization.
  • This finding has implications for designing graphene-based electronic and catalytic devices.