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Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
Valence Bond Theory02:45

Valence Bond Theory

Overview of Valence Bond Theory
Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...
Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must have a...

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Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities
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Published on: July 24, 2015

Impurity-induced spin-orbit coupling in graphene.

A H Castro Neto1, F Guinea

  • 1Department of Physics, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston Massachusetts 02215, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|August 8, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Impurities in graphene can significantly boost spin-orbit coupling, comparable to semiconductors. This impurity-induced effect allows for controllable manipulation of spin scattering lengths in graphene-based spintronic devices.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Quantum Mechanics

Background:

  • Graphene is a 2D material with unique electronic properties.
  • Spin-orbit coupling (SOC) is crucial for spintronics but typically weak in graphene.
  • Controlling SOC is essential for advanced electronic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how impurities affect spin-orbit coupling in graphene.
  • To quantify the induced SOC and its impact on spin scattering.
  • To explore the potential for controlling SOC through impurity engineering.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical modeling of impurity-induced effects in graphene.
  • Calculation of sp3 distortion and its influence on electronic band structure.
  • Analysis of spin-flip scattering and spin scattering lengths.

Main Results:

  • Impurities induce sp3 hybridization, significantly enhancing SOC in graphene.
  • Achieved SOC values are comparable to those in diamond and zinc-blende semiconductors.
  • Spin scattering lengths are consistent with experimental observations.

Conclusions:

  • Impurity-induced SOC offers a viable route for enhancing spin properties in graphene.
  • Impurity coverage provides a tunable parameter for controlling SOC.
  • This finding opens new avenues for graphene-based spintronic devices.