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Related Concept Videos

Propagation of Waves01:07

Propagation of Waves

When a wave propagates from one medium to another, part of it may get reflected in the first medium, and part of it may get transmitted to the second medium. In such a case, the interface of the two mediums can be considered as a boundary that is neither fixed nor free.
Consider a scenario where a wave propagates from a string of low linear mass density to a string of high linear mass density. In such a case, the reflected wave is out of phase with respect to the incident wave, however the...
Interference and Superposition of Waves01:07

Interference and Superposition of Waves

When two waves of the same nature occur in the same region simultaneously, they result in interference. Interference of waves implies that the net effect of the waves is the sum of the individual waves' effects. However, it does not imply that the individual waves affect the propagation of other waves.
Interference occurs in mechanical waves, such as sound waves, waves on a string, and surface water waves. Mechanical waves correspond to the physical displacement of particles. Hence,...
Equations of Wave Motion01:02

Equations of Wave Motion

Mathematically, the motion of a wave can be studied using a wavefunction. Consider a string oscillating up and down in simple harmonic motion, having a period T. The wave on the string is sinusoidal and is translated in the positive x-direction as time progresses. Sine is a function of the angle θ, oscillating between +A and −A and repeating every 2π radians. To construct a wave model, the ratio of the angle θ and the position x is considered.
Modes of Standing Waves: II01:04

Modes of Standing Waves: II

The starting point for expressing the modes of standing waves is understanding the boundary conditions that the waves must follow. The boundary conditions are derived from the physical understanding of how the standing waves are sustained, that is, how the vibrating particles of the medium behave at the boundaries imposed on them.
For a tube open at one end and closed at the other filled with air, the modes are such that there is always an antinode at the open end and a node at the closed end.
Interference and Diffraction02:18

Interference and Diffraction

Interference is a characteristic phenomenon exhibited by waves. When two electromagnetic waves interact with their peaks and troughs coinciding, a resulting wave with enhanced amplitude is produced. This is known as constructive interference. In this case, the two waves interacting are in phase with each other.
Standing Electromagnetic Waves01:15

Standing Electromagnetic Waves

Electromagnetic waves can be reflected; the surface of a conductor or a dielectric can act as a reflector. As electric and magnetic fields obey the superposition principle, so do electromagnetic waves. The superposition of an incident wave and a reflected electromagnetic wave produces a standing wave analogous to the standing waves created on a stretched string.
Suppose a sheet of a perfect conductor is placed in the yz-plane, and a linearly polarized electromagnetic wave traveling in the...

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Representation of codirectional coupled waves.

R Ulrich

    Optics Letters
    |August 15, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study introduces a novel method to visualize wave coupling using a generalized Poincaré sphere, simplifying the analysis of optical devices. This approach offers a clear representation of how coupled waves interact in optical fibers and directional couplers.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Wave Propagation

    Background:

    • Coupled wave phenomena are crucial in optical systems.
    • Understanding wave evolution in devices like directional couplers and optical fibers is essential for their design and application.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a simplified, pictorial method for representing the evolution of coupled wave amplitudes.
    • To provide an analogy to polarized light for understanding wave coupling dynamics.

    Main Methods:

    • Representing the evolution of two codirectional coupled waves as a rotation on a generalized Poincaré sphere.
    • Utilizing the Poincaré sphere analogy for visualization.

    Main Results:

    • The proposed method offers a simple and pictorial representation of coupling effects.
    • This visualization is applicable to directional couplers and monomode optical fibers.

    Conclusions:

    • The generalized Poincaré sphere provides an effective tool for understanding coupled wave evolution.
    • This method enhances the analysis and design of optical components involving wave coupling.