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Related Concept Videos

Multiple Voltage Sources01:25

Multiple Voltage Sources

Generally, a single battery is not enough to power some devices. In such cases, batteries can be combined in two ways: in series or in parallel.
In series, the positive terminal of one battery is connected to the negative terminal of another battery. Hence, the voltage of each battery is added to give the net voltage, which is increased because each battery boosts the electrons that enter it. The same current flows through each battery because they are connected in series.
Batteries are...
MOSFET: Enhancement Mode01:22

MOSFET: Enhancement Mode

Enhancement-mode MOSFETs are pivotal components in electronics, distinguished by their capacity to act as highly efficient switches. They are part of the larger family of metal-oxide Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (MOSFETs). They are available in two types: p-channel and n-channel, each tailored to specific polarity operations.
In their basic form, enhancement-mode MOSFETs are typically non-conductive when the gate-source voltage (Vgs) is zero. This default 'off' state means no current...
Voltage Doubler Circuit01:23

Voltage Doubler Circuit

A voltage doubler circuit integrates two main components: a clamping section and a rectifier section. The clamping section consists of a capacitor (C1) and a diode (D1), whereas the rectifier section is equipped with another diode (D2) and capacitor (C2). This circuit produces an output voltage with twice the amplitude of the sinusoidal input voltage.
MOSFET: Depletion Mode01:20

MOSFET: Depletion Mode

Depletion-mode MOSFETs represent a unique subset of MOSFET technology, functioning fundamentally differently from their enhancement-mode counterparts. Unlike enhancement MOSFETs, which require a positive gate-source voltage (Vgs) to turn on, depletion-mode MOSFETs are inherently conductive and "normally on" devices.
The primary characteristic of depletion-mode MOSFETs is their ability to conduct current between the drain and source terminals without gate bias. This inherent conductivity arises...
MOSFET Amplifiers01:17

MOSFET Amplifiers

The MOSFET, when operating in its active region, functions as a voltage-controlled current source. In this region, the gate-to-source voltage controls the drain current. This principle underlies the operation of the transconductance MOSFET amplifier. The output current is directed through a load resistor to convert this amplifier into a voltage amplifier. The output voltage is then obtained by subtracting the voltage drop across the load resistance from the supply voltage. This process results...
Design Example: Capacitance Multiplier Circuit01:20

Design Example: Capacitance Multiplier Circuit

In integrated circuit technology, a capacitance multiplier is often utilized to produce a larger capacitance value when a small physical capacitance falls short. This is achieved by a circuit that multiplies capacitance values by a factor of up to 1000, such that a 10-pF capacitor can replicate the performance of a 100-nF capacitor.
The circuit illustrated in Figure 1 below incorporates two op-amps, with the first operating as a voltage follower and the second acting as an inverting amplifier.

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Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping
09:43

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

Published on: March 20, 2017

Multimode optical multiplexing with low-voltage drivers.

D H McMahon, R A Soref

    Optics Letters
    |August 18, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Researchers developed a novel optical time-division multiplexing system using a unique fiber-optic switch. This system achieves 2:1 multiplexing efficiently from a low-voltage source at a high rate.

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics
    • Optical Communications
    • Electrical Engineering

    Background:

    • Optical time-division multiplexing (OTDM) is crucial for increasing data transmission capacity.
    • Efficient and low-power multiplexing components are needed for practical OTDM systems.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate a 2:1 optical time-division multiplexing system.
    • To utilize a novel electro-optic switch for high-speed optical signal manipulation.

    Main Methods:

    • A series-resonant electrical-drive circuit was employed.
    • A fiber-coupled multimode electro-optic switch based on LiTaO(3) was integrated.
    • The switch features a unique curved prism electrode design.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved 2:1 optical time-division multiplexing.
    • Operated using a low 5-V sine-wave source.
    • Demonstrated functionality at a 1.1-MHz rate.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed system offers an efficient method for optical time-division multiplexing.
    • The unique LiTaO(3) fiber-optic switch effectively deflects light while maintaining focus.
    • This approach shows potential for low-power, high-rate optical signal processing.