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Related Concept Videos

Human Genetics01:28

Human Genetics

Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
The complex relationship between genetics and psychology is observable through common biological components such...
Inheritance01:25

Inheritance

Gregor Mendel's pioneering work on the principles of inheritance fundamentally transformed our understanding of how traits are transmitted from generation to generation. His experiments with pea plants laid the groundwork for the discovery of genes, discrete units within organisms that control heredity.
Each gene exists in pairs, and the combination of these genes from both parents forms an individual's genotype. This genotype is a blueprint of potential traits. Examples of genotype traits...
Polygenic Traits01:18

Polygenic Traits

When more than one gene is responsible for a given phenotype, the trait is considered polygenic. Human height is a polygenic trait. Studies have uncovered hundreds of loci that influence height, and there are believed to be many more. Due to the high number of genes involved, as well as environmental and nutritional factors, height varies significantly within a given population. The distribution of height forms a bell-shaped curve, with relatively few individuals in the population at the...
Polygenic Traits01:18

Polygenic Traits

When more than one gene is responsible for a given phenotype, the trait is considered polygenic. Human height is a polygenic trait. Studies have uncovered hundreds of loci that influence height, and there are believed to be many more. Due to the high number of genes involved, as well as environmental and nutritional factors, height varies significantly within a given population. The distribution of height forms a bell-shaped curve, with relatively few individuals in the population at the...
Genetic Variation01:25

Genetic Variation

Genetic variation is the diversity in DNA sequences found among individuals of the same species. This diversity is crucial for a species' survival because it helps organisms adapt to environmental changes. Genetic variation begins with fertilization, where an egg and sperm cell merge. Each of these cells carries 23 chromosomes, up to 46 in the fertilized egg. Chromosomes are long DNA strands that contain genes, the basic units of heredity.
Genes exist in different versions called alleles, which...
Pedigree Analysis01:35

Pedigree Analysis

Overview

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Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Navigating MARRVEL, a Web-Based Tool that Integrates Human Genomics and Model Organism Genetics Information
09:37

Navigating MARRVEL, a Web-Based Tool that Integrates Human Genomics and Model Organism Genetics Information

Published on: August 15, 2019

Key concepts in human genetics: understanding the complex phenotype.

William T Gibson

    Medicine and Sport Science
    |August 22, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Genetic studies on athletic fitness are complex. Current DNA-based tools have limitations in linking genes to traits, especially for normal physical characteristics compared to diseases. Further genomic variability may explain more human differences.

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    A Phenotyping Regimen for Genetically Modified Mice Used to Study Genes Implicated in Human Diseases of Aging

    Published on: July 14, 2016

    Area of Science:

    • Genetics and Genomics
    • Sports Science
    • Human Physiology

    Background:

    • The human genome project has yielded DNA-based tools for disease gene discovery.
    • These tools are increasingly applied to understand the genetic basis of non-disease traits like athletic fitness.
    • Interpreting genetic studies in sports science requires careful consideration of methodological limitations.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To critically evaluate the power of current genetic methods for trait association.
    • To highlight key factors for designing and interpreting genetic studies in sports science.
    • To provide readers with the vocabulary needed to understand genetic research in sport fitness and injury.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of methodologies used for assigning biological traits to specific genes.
    • Comparative analysis of genetic study robustness for disease versus normal physical traits.
    • Discussion of emerging levels of human genomic variability.

    Main Results:

    • Current gene-trait association methods are less powerful than commonly perceived.
    • Genetic studies are more robust for disease traits than for complex physical characteristics.
    • New genomic variability levels may significantly explain human physical differences.

    Conclusions:

    • Sport scientists must be aware of the limitations in current genetic association techniques.
    • The genetic architecture of athletic fitness is complex and influenced by numerous factors.
    • Future research should account for broader genomic variability to understand human physical diversity.