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Chemical tools for understanding protein lipidation in eukaryotes

Guillaume Charron1, John Wilson, Howard C Hang

  • 1The Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.

Current Opinion in Chemical Biology
|August 25, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Protein lipidation regulates cell functions and is crucial in health and disease. Chemical biology advances provide new tools to study and target these lipidated proteins for therapeutic development.

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In the plasma membrane, the lipids forming the bilayer can also act as an anchor to tether proteins to the membrane. The three main types of lipid anchors found in eukaryotes are – prenyl groups, fatty acyl groups, and glycosylphosphatidylinositol or GPI groups. Prenyl and fatty acyl groups act as anchors on the cytosolic surface of the membrane, whereas GPI anchors proteins on the extracellular side.
The carboxy-terminal of most of the prenylated proteins, such as Ras proteins, contains the...