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Related Concept Videos

Impact of Schemas01:30

Impact of Schemas

Schemas are cognitive structures that provide a framework for interpreting and organizing social information. They help individuals navigate complex environments by offering expectations about people, events, and behaviors. Schemas influence attention, encoding, and retrieval processes, thereby shaping the entire trajectory of information processing in social contexts.Attention and Cognitive LoadDuring initial attention, schemas function as filters that prioritize schema-consistent information,...
Schemas01:42

Schemas

A schema is a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts (Bartlett, 1932). There are many different types of schemata, and they all have one thing in common: schemata are a method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently. When a schema is activated, the brain makes immediate assumptions about the person or object being observed.
Schemata01:17

Schemata

A schema is a mental construct that organizes related concepts, allowing the brain to process information efficiently. Upon activation, schemata facilitate assumptions about people or objects.
Two types of schemata are:
Self-Schemas02:16

Self-Schemas

In general, a schema is a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts (Bartlett, 1932). There are many different types of schemata, and they all have one thing in common: schemata are a method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently. When a schema is activated, the brain makes immediate assumptions about the person or object being observed.
Halo Effect01:27

Halo Effect

The halo effect is a cognitive bias in which an individual's overall impression influences judgments about their specific traits. This psychological phenomenon leads people to associate positive characteristics with those they perceive as generally good and negative characteristics with those they view as bad. This effect is particularly influential in social perception, professional evaluations, and decision-making processes.The Psychological Basis of the Halo EffectThe halo effect is rooted...
Sources of Self-Esteem II: Performance Feedback01:24

Sources of Self-Esteem II: Performance Feedback

Self-esteem is intricately tied to our perception of competence and our ability to exert control over our lives. One of the primary sources of this perception is performance feedback — the ongoing evaluation of our actions in terms of success and failure. According to Franks and Marolla (1976), people derive self-worth from experiencing themselves as causal agents, capable of achieving goals and overcoming obstacles. This process nurtures a critical component of self-esteem: self-efficacy,...

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Related Experiment Videos

Evaluating frame-of-reference rater training effectiveness using performance schema accuracy.

C Allen Gorman1, Joan R Rentsch

  • 1Department of Psychology, Sociology, and Social Work, Angelo State University, San Angelo, TX 76909, USA. cgorman@angelo.edu

The Journal of Applied Psychology
|August 26, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Frame-of-reference training improves performance rating accuracy by helping raters develop shared mental models of performance. This training enhances schema accuracy, leading to more consistent and reliable performance evaluations.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Organizational Psychology
  • Human Resources Management
  • Performance Appraisal

Background:

  • Frame-of-reference training is effective for improving performance rating accuracy.
  • Few studies have empirically validated if this training leads to shared performance conceptualizations among raters.
  • The ultimate goal of training is to foster a common understanding of performance criteria.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test if frame-of-reference training leads to more similar performance schemas compared to control training.
  • To investigate the relationship between schema accuracy and rating accuracy.
  • To provide empirical evidence on the shared conceptualization goal of frame-of-reference training.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental design comparing frame-of-reference trained raters with control-trained raters.
  • Measurement of schema similarity to a referent schema.
  • Assessment of rating accuracy for performance evaluations.

Main Results:

  • Frame-of-reference trained raters demonstrated significantly more similar performance schemas than control-trained raters.
  • Schema accuracy was positively correlated with rating accuracy.
  • The study's hypotheses regarding schema similarity and accuracy were supported.

Conclusions:

  • Frame-of-reference training effectively promotes shared conceptualizations of performance among raters.
  • Enhanced schema accuracy is a key mechanism through which frame-of-reference training improves rating accuracy.
  • Findings have practical implications for designing and implementing effective rater training programs.