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Related Concept Videos

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview

The underlying principle of Raman spectroscopy is based on the interaction between light and matter, specifically molecules' inelastic scattering of photons. When a monochromatic beam of light, typically from a laser source, interacts with a sample, most scattered light has the same frequency as the incident light. This is known as Rayleigh scattering.
However, a small fraction of the scattered light exhibits a frequency shift due to the exchange of energy between the incident photons and the...
Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...
Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy01:16

Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy

Confocal microscopy is an advanced microscopic technique. The prime advantage of the confocal microscope over other microscopy techniques is its ability to block the out-of-focus light from the illuminated samples using pinholes. It is widely used with fluorescence optics to obtain high-resolution, sharp contrast images. Unlike optical microscopes, confocal microscopes use a focused beam of light laser to scan the entire sample surface at different z-planes. These microscopes are, therefore,...
Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy01:05

Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy

Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy or TIRF is an advanced microscopic technique used to visualize fluorophores in samples close to a solid surface with a higher refractive index, such as a glass coverslip. TIRF only allows fluorophores in proximity to the solid surface to be excited. When light from a medium with a lower refractive index (such as air) hits the glass coverslip at a critical angle, the light undergoes total internal reflection stead of passing through the glass.
Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy01:18

Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy

Optical microscopy uses optic principles to provide detailed images of samples. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek designed the first compound optical microscope in the 17th century to visualize blood cells, bacteria, and yeast cells. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes with enhanced magnification and resolution.
In optical microscopy, the specimen to be viewed is placed on a glass slide and clipped on the stage...
Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy01:26

Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy

Phase-Contrast Microscopes
In-phase-contrast microscopes, interference between light directly passing through a cell and light refracted by cellular components is used to create high-contrast, high-resolution images without staining. It is the oldest and simplest type of microscope that creates an image by altering the wavelengths of light rays passing through the specimen. Altered wavelength paths are created using an annular stop in the condenser. The annular stop produces a hollow cone of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Direct Comparison of Hyperspectral Stimulated Raman Scattering and Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering Microscopy for Chemical Imaging
09:46

Direct Comparison of Hyperspectral Stimulated Raman Scattering and Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering Microscopy for Chemical Imaging

Published on: April 28, 2022

Scanning coherent anti-Stokes Raman microscope.

M D Duncan, J Reintjes, T J Manuccia

    Optics Letters
    |August 29, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    We developed a new Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Spectroscopy (CARS) system for chemical imaging. This advanced CARS microscopy allows visualization of specific molecules within microscopic samples like onion cells.

    More Related Videos

    Differential Imaging of Biological Structures with Doubly-resonant Coherent Anti-stokes Raman Scattering (CARS)
    12:56

    Differential Imaging of Biological Structures with Doubly-resonant Coherent Anti-stokes Raman Scattering (CARS)

    Published on: October 17, 2010

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

    Direct Comparison of Hyperspectral Stimulated Raman Scattering and Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering Microscopy for Chemical Imaging
    09:46

    Direct Comparison of Hyperspectral Stimulated Raman Scattering and Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering Microscopy for Chemical Imaging

    Published on: April 28, 2022

    Differential Imaging of Biological Structures with Doubly-resonant Coherent Anti-stokes Raman Scattering (CARS)
    12:56

    Differential Imaging of Biological Structures with Doubly-resonant Coherent Anti-stokes Raman Scattering (CARS)

    Published on: October 17, 2010

    Area of Science:

    • Spectroscopy
    • Microscopy
    • Chemical Imaging

    Background:

    • Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Spectroscopy (CARS) offers label-free chemical contrast.
    • Spatiotemporal control of CARS signals is crucial for high-resolution imaging.
    • Previous CARS systems faced limitations in speed and spatial resolution for complex samples.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To construct a novel spatially scanning CARS apparatus.
    • To demonstrate the capability of the apparatus for chemical species mapping.
    • To image the distribution of specific chemical species in microscopic samples.

    Main Methods:

    • Development of a spatially scanning coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopic system.
    • Utilizing the CARS signal generated by the 2450-cm(-1) vibrational band of deuterated water.
    • Acquisition of microscopic images of onion-skin cells.

    Main Results:

    • Successful construction of a functional spatially scanning CARS apparatus.
    • Obtained CARS images clearly depicting chemical distributions within onion-skin cells.
    • Demonstrated the system's ability to visualize specific chemical species based on their Raman signatures.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed CARS apparatus enables effective imaging of distinct chemical species distribution.
    • This technique provides a powerful tool for label-free chemical analysis in microscopic samples.
    • Potential for diverse applications in biological and material sciences is highlighted.