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Related Concept Videos

Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification01:24

Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification

Bone formation, or ossification, begins around the sixth to seventh week of embryonic development. Most bones develop from a cartilaginous template through the process of endochondral ossification. Cartilage formation begins when clusters of mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes. These chondrocytes proliferate rapidly and secrete an extracellular matrix that becomes encased in a membrane called the perichondrium. The resulting cartilage model provides a template that resembles the...
Development of the Limb Synovial Joints01:07

Development of the Limb Synovial Joints

Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all bones, cartilage, and connective tissues of the body is called mesenchyme.
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
During development, the limbs...
Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification01:29

Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification

Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
The process begins when mesenchymal cells in the embryonic skeleton gather together and differentiate into osteogenic cells, which then develop into...
Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue01:27

Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue

Chondrocytes form a temporary cartilaginous model by dividing and secreting a thick gel-like extracellular matrix. Once the chondrocytes undergo programmed cell death, osteoblasts enter the site of the cartilaginous model. The process of replacing the temporary cartilaginous model with bone in an ordered manner is called endochondral ossification. In endochondral ossification, not all of the cartilage is replaced by bone tissue. Some cartilage that performs a protective and supportive function...
Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age

The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
Bone Remodeling and Repair01:31

Bone Remodeling and Repair

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Culture of Murine Embryonic Metatarsals: A Physiological Model of Endochondral Ossification
07:23

Culture of Murine Embryonic Metatarsals: A Physiological Model of Endochondral Ossification

Published on: December 3, 2016

FGFs in endochondral skeletal development.

William A Horton1, Catherine R Degnin

  • 1Research Center, Shriners Hospital for Children, and Molecular & Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, OR 97239, USA. wah@shcc.org

Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism: TEM
|September 1, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptors (FGFRs) are crucial for endochondral ossification, a key process in mammalian skeletal development. This review highlights recent findings on FGFs and FGFRs in regulating bone formation.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Culture of Murine Embryonic Metatarsals: A Physiological Model of Endochondral Ossification
07:23

Culture of Murine Embryonic Metatarsals: A Physiological Model of Endochondral Ossification

Published on: December 3, 2016

Culturing and Measuring Fetal and Newborn Murine Long Bones
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Culturing and Measuring Fetal and Newborn Murine Long Bones

Published on: April 26, 2019

Integrated Bone Formation Through In Vivo Endochondral Ossification Using Mesenchymal Stem Cells
06:05

Integrated Bone Formation Through In Vivo Endochondral Ossification Using Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Published on: July 14, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Skeletal Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Mammalian skeletal development involves two main pathways: membranous and endochondral ossification.
  • Endochondral ossification forms limbs, vertebrae, and the skull base.
  • Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptors (FGFRs) are known to be critical regulators of skeletal development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the roles of FGFs and FGFRs in endochondral ossification.
  • To focus on recent advancements and emerging concepts in this field.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on FGFs and FGFRs in skeletal development.
  • Synthesis of current understanding of FGF/FGFR signaling in endochondral ossification.

Main Results:

  • FGFs and FGFRs play essential, complex roles in regulating endochondral ossification.
  • Recent research has shed new light on the intricate mechanisms governing these pathways.

Conclusions:

  • FGF and FGFR signaling is fundamental to endochondral skeletal development.
  • Continued research is vital for a comprehensive understanding of skeletal formation and growth.