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Related Concept Videos

Interference and Diffraction02:18

Interference and Diffraction

Interference is a characteristic phenomenon exhibited by waves. When two electromagnetic waves interact with their peaks and troughs coinciding, a resulting wave with enhanced amplitude is produced. This is known as constructive interference. In this case, the two waves interacting are in phase with each other.
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Fluorometers and spectrofluorometers are two types of instruments used for measuring molecular fluorescence. These instruments differ in how they select excitation and emission wavelengths and the type of light sources they utilize. Fluorometers use absorption interference filters to choose excitation and emission wavelengths. The excitation source in a fluorometer is typically a low-pressure mercury vapor lamp that emits intense lines distributed throughout the ultraviolet and visible regions.
Difference from Background: Limit of Detection01:05

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The limit of detection (LOD) is the smallest amount of analyte that can be distinguished from the background noise. The LOD value corresponds to the concentration at which the analyte signal is three times larger than the standard deviation of the blank signal. Below this value, the analyte signal cannot be differentiated from the background noise. It is calculated by dividing the calibration slope by 3 times the standard deviation of the blank signals.
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X-ray Crystallography

The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Measurement of X-ray Beam Coherence along Multiple Directions Using 2-D Checkerboard Phase Grating
10:39

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Published on: October 11, 2016

Detection of gratings hidden by diffusers using photon-correlation techniques.

J C Dainty, D Newman

    Optics Letters
    |September 1, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Photon-correlation experiments confirm a hidden phase grating can be detected using correlation measurements. A simpler method involves measuring the temporal auto-correlation of scattered light intensity at a single point.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics
    • Photonics
    • Scattering phenomena

    Background:

    • Theoretical predictions suggest phase gratings obscured by diffusers are detectable.
    • Photon-correlation techniques offer potential for non-invasive detection.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To verify the theoretical prediction of Baltes et al. regarding phase grating detection.
    • To demonstrate a simpler method for detecting hidden phase gratings using temporal auto-correlation.

    Main Methods:

    • Photon-correlation experiments were conducted.
    • Temporal auto-correlation of scattered light intensity was measured at a single point.

    Main Results:

    • The theoretical prediction was experimentally verified, confirming phase gratings can be detected.
    • A simplified detection method using temporal auto-correlation was successfully demonstrated.
    • This method is effective even with arbitrarily fine diffusers.

    Conclusions:

    • Correlation measurements are a viable method for detecting phase gratings hidden by diffusers.
    • Measuring temporal auto-correlation of scattered light intensity provides a simpler and effective detection approach.