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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities
11:42

Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities

Published on: July 24, 2015

Tuning the graphene work function by electric field effect.

Young-Jun Yu1, Yue Zhao, Sunmin Ryu

  • 1Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA.

Nano Letters
|September 2, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We measured how the work function of graphene changes with electrical tuning. This method also reliably determines the contact resistance between electrodes and graphene.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Graphene's unique electronic properties make it a promising material for advanced electronic devices.
  • Understanding and controlling graphene's work function is crucial for device performance.
  • Accurate measurement of contact resistance is essential for efficient charge injection and extraction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the variation of work function in single and bilayer graphene devices.
  • To demonstrate the use of the electric field effect for tuning graphene's work function.
  • To establish a reliable method for measuring electrode-graphene contact resistance.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing scanning Kelvin probe microscopy (SKPM) to map surface potential.
  • Applying the electric field effect via gate voltage to modify the Fermi level in graphene.
  • Analyzing SKPM surface potential maps to extract work function and contact resistance values.

Main Results:

  • Observed tunable work function in single and bilayer graphene by adjusting gate voltage.
  • Demonstrated that Fermi level tuning directly influences graphene's work function.
  • Successfully measured contact resistance of individual electrodes using SKPM-derived surface potential maps.

Conclusions:

  • The work function of graphene is highly sensitive to electrical tuning via the electric field effect.
  • SKPM is a powerful tool for both characterizing graphene's electronic properties and measuring contact resistance.
  • This work provides a pathway for optimizing graphene-based electronic devices through controlled work function and contact resistance.