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Related Concept Videos

Cranial Nerves: Types Part I01:14

Cranial Nerves: Types Part I

Cranial nerves are responsible for transmitting motor and sensory information between the brain and various parts of the body. There are twelve pairs of cranial nerves, with the first six being essential in sensory perception, motor control, and autonomic functions related to the head and neck.
Olfactory Nerve (Cranial Nerve I)
The olfactory nerve, or cranial nerve I, is unique as it is purely sensory and dedicated to the sense of smell. This nerve originates in the olfactory epithelium of the...
Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
Cranial Nerves: Overview and Anatomy01:19

Cranial Nerves: Overview and Anatomy

The cranial nerves are an important part of the complex network of nerves in the human body. These nerves emerge directly from the brain and are responsible for transmitting essential information between the brain and various parts of the head and neck. There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves, systematically numbered using Roman numerals from I to XII, beginning from the anterior and moving to the posterior of the brain. Each cranial nerve is uniquely identified by names that reflect its function...
Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
Cranial Nerves: Types Part II01:22

Cranial Nerves: Types Part II

Cranial nerves are responsible for transmitting motor and sensory information between the brain and various parts of the body. There are twelve pairs of cranial nerves. While the first six innervate the head and neck, the latter six nerves innervate the head and neck, as well as organs and tissues in the thoracic and abdominal cavities. They facilitate communication, expression, and autonomic control within the human body.
Facial Nerve (Cranial Nerve VII)
Cranial nerve VII, or the facial nerve,...

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A Free-breathing fMRI Method to Study Human Olfactory Function
10:42

A Free-breathing fMRI Method to Study Human Olfactory Function

Published on: July 30, 2017

Cranial nerve I: olfaction.

Richard D Sanders, Paulette Marie Gillig

    Psychiatry (Edgmont (Pa. : Township))
    |September 3, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Olfactory testing, a valuable neurologic assessment, is underutilized in clinical psychiatry. This review highlights its diagnostic potential and practical application for psychiatrists.

    Keywords:
    cranial nerve examinationmental status examinationneuropsychiatryolfactionpsychiatry and neurologysense of smell

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    Area of Science:

    • Neurology
    • Psychiatry
    • Sensory Neuroscience

    Background:

    • Olfactory testing is a revealing neurologic assessment.
    • It is currently underutilized in clinical psychiatric practice.
    • Smell testing has several diagnostic applications in psychiatry.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the diagnostic applications of smell testing in clinical psychiatry.
    • To outline the rationale for psychiatrists to incorporate olfaction testing.
    • To describe methods for testing olfaction and interpreting results.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of olfactory testing in psychiatric research and clinical practice.
    • Discussion of various olfactory assessment techniques.
    • Guidance on interpreting olfactory test results for psychiatric diagnosis.

    Main Results:

    • Olfactory testing offers significant diagnostic insights in psychiatry.
    • Practical methods for performing and interpreting smell tests are available.
    • Addressing the neglect of olfaction testing can enhance psychiatric diagnosis.

    Conclusions:

    • Psychiatrists should consider incorporating olfactory testing into their clinical practice.
    • Understanding olfactory function is crucial for comprehensive psychiatric assessment.
    • Further integration of smell testing can improve diagnostic accuracy in psychiatry.