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Active Filters

Active Filters

Active filters are electronic circuits that use operational amplifiers (op-amps), resistors, and capacitors to filter out unwanted frequency components from a signal. A first-order low-pass active filter is designed to pass signals with a frequency lower than a certain cutoff frequency and attenuate frequencies higher than that cutoff frequency. The transfer function for a first-order low-pass active filter is:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Design and Fabrication of an Optical Fiber Made of Water

Design and Fabrication of an Optical Fiber Made of Water

Published on: November 8, 2018

Tunable optical filter in fiber-optic form.

W P Risk, G S Kino, B T Khuri-Yakub

|September 10, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Acoustic waves can tune light coupling between birefringent fiber polarizations. This method enables tunable optical filters with a 5 nm passband, adjustable from 570 to 630 nm.

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Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

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Area of Science:

Optics and Photonics
Materials Science

Background:

Birefringent fibers support two principal polarization states for light propagation.
Coupling light between these polarizations is crucial for various photonic applications.
Controlling polarization coupling efficiently and dynamically remains a key challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate a novel method for tunable polarization coupling in birefringent fibers.
To investigate the use of traveling acoustic waves for inducing periodic stress.
To develop a tunable optical filter based on this principle.

Main Methods:

Utilized a traveling acoustic wave to generate spatially periodic stress in a birefringent fiber.
Analyzed the condition for maximum polarization coupling: fiber beat length equals acoustic wavelength.
Employed a prototype device to measure the tunable optical passband characteristics.

Main Results:

Achieved efficient light coupling between principal polarizations via acoustic wave-induced stress.
Demonstrated that peak coupling wavelength is dependent on the acoustic frequency.
Developed a prototype device with a 5 nm passband, tunable from 570 to 630 nm by adjusting acoustic frequency from 2.85 to 2.55 MHz.

Conclusions:

Traveling acoustic waves provide an effective means for tunable polarization coupling in birefringent fibers.
The demonstrated technique enables the creation of tunable optical filters with precise wavelength control.
This method offers a promising approach for advanced optical signal processing and filtering.