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Related Concept Videos

Transmission-Line Differential Equations01:26

Transmission-Line Differential Equations

Transmission lines are essential components of electrical power systems. They are characterized by the distributed nature of resistance (R), inductance (L), and capacitance (C) per unit length. To analyze these lines, differential equations are employed to model the variations in voltage and current along the line.
Line Section Model
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Propagation of Uncertainty from Systematic Error01:10

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The atomic mass of an element varies due to the relative ratio of its isotopes. A sample's relative proportion of oxygen isotopes influences its average atomic mass. For instance, if we were to measure the atomic mass of oxygen from a sample, the mass would be a weighted average of the isotopic masses of oxygen in that sample. Since a single sample is not likely to perfectly reflect the true atomic mass of oxygen for all the molecules of oxygen on Earth, the mass we obtain from this particular...
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Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Point, Line and Plane Defects

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Subsurface Defect Localization by Structured Heating Using Laser Projected Photothermal Thermography
11:34

Subsurface Defect Localization by Structured Heating Using Laser Projected Photothermal Thermography

Published on: May 15, 2017

Optical system defect propagation in ABCD systems.

W G McKinley, H T Yura, S G Hanson

    Optics Letters
    |September 12, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Optical system defects like tilt, decenter, and despace can be analyzed using ABCD matrices. This study demonstrates how alignment errors impact optical system performance.

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

    Subsurface Defect Localization by Structured Heating Using Laser Projected Photothermal Thermography
    11:34

    Subsurface Defect Localization by Structured Heating Using Laser Projected Photothermal Thermography

    Published on: May 15, 2017

    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Optical Engineering

    Background:

    • Optical system performance is sensitive to manufacturing and alignment errors.
    • Understanding the propagation of these aberrations is crucial for optical design.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To present a method for analyzing the impact of optical system defects.
    • To demonstrate the effect of alignment errors on paraxial optical systems.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing ABCD ray transfer matrices to model paraxial optical systems.
    • Analyzing the propagation of tilt/jitter, decenter, and despace aberrations.

    Main Results:

    • Defects like tilt, decenter, and despace propagate predictably through optical systems.
    • A pedagogical example illustrates the quantitative effect of alignment errors.

    Conclusions:

    • ABCD matrices provide a robust framework for evaluating optical system defect propagation.
    • Alignment error analysis is essential for achieving desired optical performance.