Fungal keratitis in a gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus)

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Ophthalmology
• Herpetology
• Mycology

Background:

• Gopher tortoises (Gopherus polyphemus) are a keystone species in the southeastern United States.
• Ocular diseases in free-ranging reptiles are infrequently reported.
• Trauma and subsequent infection can lead to severe ocular pathology in chelonians.

Observation:

• A free-ranging gopher tortoise presented with trauma and blindness.
• Physical examination revealed bilateral corneal ulcerations, scarring, and phthisis bulbi of the left globe.
• Histopathology of fibrinous exudate showed necrotic conjunctivitis with fungal hyphae.

Findings:

• Ocular cultures from the left eye isolated a mixed fungal flora, including Curvularia sp. and Aspergillus sp.
• Treatment with miconazole ophthalmic solution resulted in ulcer healing but persistent corneal edema.
• The right eye healed with scarring, while the left eye remained phthisical after two months of multifaceted treatment.

Implications:

• This case represents the first report of fungal keratitis in a wild reptile, specifically a gopher tortoise.
• Fungal keratitis can cause severe ocular damage in reptiles, potentially leading to blindness.
• Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for managing fungal eye infections in wildlife, though outcomes can vary.