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Related Concept Videos

IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy01:26

Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy

Phase-Contrast Microscopes
In-phase-contrast microscopes, interference between light directly passing through a cell and light refracted by cellular components is used to create high-contrast, high-resolution images without staining. It is the oldest and simplest type of microscope that creates an image by altering the wavelengths of light rays passing through the specimen. Altered wavelength paths are created using an annular stop in the condenser. The annular stop produces a hollow cone of...
Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview01:09

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
Different compounds display unique properties due to their...
Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy01:05

Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy

Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy or TIRF is an advanced microscopic technique used to visualize fluorophores in samples close to a solid surface with a higher refractive index, such as a glass coverslip. TIRF only allows fluorophores in proximity to the solid surface to be excited. When light from a medium with a lower refractive index (such as air) hits the glass coverslip at a critical angle, the light undergoes total internal reflection stead of passing through the glass.
UV–Vis Spectrometers01:14

UV–Vis Spectrometers

The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell. Samples for...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.

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Measurement of X-ray Beam Coherence along Multiple Directions Using 2-D Checkerboard Phase Grating
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Array illuminator using grating couplers.

T Kubota, M Takeda

    Optics Letters
    |September 16, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study introduces an integrated-optical array illuminator. Preliminary experiments validate the principle of generating multiple beamlets using grating couplers for optical applications.

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    Published on: October 11, 2016

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    Area of Science:

    • Optoelectronics
    • Integrated Optics
    • Photonics

    Background:

    • Optical illumination systems are crucial for various applications.
    • Generating multiple optical beams efficiently is a key challenge.
    • Integrated optical devices offer miniaturization and enhanced functionality.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and describe an integrated-optical array illuminator.
    • To explain the principle of generating multiple beamlets using grating couplers.
    • To experimentally demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed illuminator.

    Main Methods:

    • Design of an integrated-optical array illuminator.
    • Utilizing grating couplers for beamlet generation.
    • Conducting preliminary experiments to validate the optical principle.

    Main Results:

    • Successful demonstration of an integrated-optical array illuminator concept.
    • Validation of the grating coupler principle for generating multiple beamlets.
    • Experimental evidence supporting the proposed optical beam generation method.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed integrated-optical array illuminator is feasible.
    • Grating couplers are effective for creating multiple beamlets in integrated optical systems.
    • This technology holds potential for advanced optical illumination solutions.