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Pleural effusion: diagnosis and management
Z Ahmad1, R Krishnadas, P Froeschle
1Department of Thoracic and Upper GI Surgery, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW.
Journal of Perioperative Practice
|September 17, 2009
Summary
Pleural effusion, excess fluid in the pleural space, is common in hospitalized patients. Its causes range from infection and malignancy to heart, kidney, or liver issues, guiding treatment and perioperative care.
Area of Science:
- Medicine
- Pulmonology
- Critical Care
Background:
- Pleural effusion involves excess fluid accumulation (over 15-20 mL) in the pleural space.
- Commonly diagnosed in 5-12% of emergency medical admissions.
- Etiologies include altered capillary pressures, increased permeability, and lymphatic drainage issues.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of pleural effusion.
- To discuss specific considerations for perioperative care in patients with pleural effusion.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of pleural effusion.
- Analysis of etiological factors and diagnostic approaches.
- Examination of management strategies and perioperative considerations.
Main Results:
- Pleural effusion can stem from infections, malignancy, or systemic conditions (cardiac, renal, hepatic).
- Management primarily depends on the underlying cause, with symptoms playing a secondary role.
- Perioperative care requires specific attention due to the effusion.
Conclusions:
- Understanding the diverse etiologies of pleural effusion is crucial for effective management.
- Diagnosis and treatment strategies should be tailored to the individual patient's condition.
- Comprehensive management, including perioperative planning, improves patient outcomes.
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