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Membrane Domains01:18

Membrane Domains

The membrane domains concentrate specific lipids and proteins at one place within the membrane, which helps in cell signaling, adhesion, and other critical cellular processes. These domains can differ in size, composition, function, and lifespan.
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The membrane comprises a group of distinct proteins responsible for carrying out a cell's specific function. For example, the plasma membrane of the human sperm, or a single germ cell, contains a unique set of proteins in the anterior...
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Different physical properties of lipids and proteins allow them to localize and form distinct islands or domains in the membrane. Some membrane domains are formed due to protein-protein interactions, whereas others are formed due to the presence of specific lipids such as sphingolipids and sterols—for example, large proteins, such as bacteriorhodopsin, aggregate and create distinct domains.
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Lipids include a diverse group of compounds that are largely nonpolar in nature. This is because they are hydrocarbons that include mostly nonpolar carbon-carbon or carbon-hydrogen bonds. Non-polar molecules are hydrophobic (“water fearing”), or insoluble in water. Lipids perform many different functions in a cell. Cells store energy for long-term use in the form of fats. Lipids also provide insulation from the environment for plants and animals. For example, they help keep aquatic birds and...
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On-Chip Octanol-Assisted Liposome Assembly for Bioengineering
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Published on: March 17, 2023

Constituent-dependent liposome structure and organization.

Monika Domińska1, G J Blanchard

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1322, USA.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|September 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Thiol-terminated polyethylene glycol (thio-PEG) lipids alter lipid aggregate shape and molecular organization, particularly in the headgroup region. This affects pyrene-tethered probes but not free perylene, revealing specific structural changes in liposomes and micelles.

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Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Lipid aggregates like liposomes and micelles are crucial in drug delivery and biomimetic systems.
  • Controlling the morphology and molecular organization of these assemblies is key to their function.
  • Thiol-terminated polyethylene glycol (thio-PEG) lipids offer a method to modify lipid aggregate properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how thio-PEG lipids influence the organization and dynamics of molecules within liposomes, discoidal micelles, and spherical micelles.
  • To correlate changes in lipid aggregate morphology with molecular-level structural rearrangements.
  • To understand the impact of thio-PEG lipid concentration on the local environment of different molecular probes.

Main Methods:

  • Steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy were employed to study molecular dynamics.
  • Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) was used to visualize the morphology of lipid aggregates.
  • Lipid aggregates were prepared with varying concentrations of thio-PEG lipids and pyrene-based probes, extruded through polycarbonate filters to control size.

Main Results:

  • The concentration of thio-PEG lipids determined the shape of lipid assemblies (liposomes, discoidal, spherical micelles).
  • Fluorescence data revealed that thio-PEG lipids altered the environment of pyrene-tethered DPPC, indicating changes in the headgroup region.
  • The dynamics of free perylene were unaffected, suggesting minimal impact on the lipid bilayer acyl chain region.

Conclusions:

  • Thio-PEG lipids significantly influence lipid aggregate organization, primarily affecting the headgroup region.
  • The observed molecular rearrangements correlate with macroscopic morphological changes in liposomes and micelles.
  • These findings provide insights into the structure-property relationships of functionalized lipid assemblies.