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Related Concept Videos

Impact: Problem Solving01:26

Impact: Problem Solving

In an experiment conducted during a Mars mission, a rover propels a projectile with an initial velocity, and the projectile rebounds after colliding with the Martian surface. To ascertain the maximum height attained by the projectile after this collision, the known restitution coefficient and acceleration due to gravity are employed.
By designating the launch point as the origin and utilizing kinematic equations, the vertical component of the projectile's velocity at the point of impact is...
Projectile Motion: Example01:18

Projectile Motion: Example

The theory of projectile motion is very useful for players of several sports to improve their performance. For example, a javelin thrower needs to throw their javelin in such a way that it travels as far as possible. The javelin thrower takes a short run-up to increase the initial speed of the javelin. The range of a projectile is at its maximum at a 45° angle so javelin throwers try to angle their throw as close to 45° as possible.
When we speak of the range (R) of a projectile on level...
Projectile Motion01:20

Projectile Motion

An object thrown in the air follows a parabolic path under the influence of Earth's gravitational force. The motion of such an object is called projectile motion, and the object itself a projectile. The parabolic path followed by the projectile is called the trajectory. Some common examples of projectile motion are the launching of fireworks, a golf ball in the air, meteors entering the Earth's atmosphere, and the firing of bullets.
When an object falls under gravity and has no horizontal...
Projectile Motion01:25

Projectile Motion

Projectile motion models the flight of an object launched into the air, such as a soccer ball kicked during a penalty, under the simplifying assumption that air resistance is negligible. When gravity is the only force, the object experiences a steady downward acceleration at all times. This single fact explains why projectile motion can be analyzed as two independent motions happening simultaneously: a horizontal motion that does not speed up or slow down, and a vertical motion that continually...
Projectile Motion: Equations01:26

Projectile Motion: Equations

Projectile motion is commonly observed in our day-to-day life. For example, a basketball thrown by a player, an arrow shot from a bow, and kids jumping into the pool, all undergo projectile motion.
Any projectile motion problem can be solved by using the following strategy:
Motion of a Projectile01:23

Motion of a Projectile

Projectile motion becomes evident when a player kicks the ball into the air. The launch angle, or the angle at which the ball is kicked, plays a crucial role in determining the trajectory of the projectile. As the ball soars through the air, influenced solely by gravity, its motion can be dissected into two independent velocity components: the horizontal and the vertical.
Horizontal motion, governed by the initial kick, maintains a constant velocity throughout the flight of the soccer ball.

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Low-intensity Blast Wave Model for Preclinical Assessment of Closed-head Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Rodents
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Granular medium impacted by a projectile: experiment and model.

A Valance1, J Crassous

  • 1Institut de Physique de Rennes, UMR UR1-CNRS 6251, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, F-35042 RENNES Cedex, France. alexandre.valance@univ-rennes1.fr

The European Physical Journal. E, Soft Matter
|September 18, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a discrete model for energy propagation in granular media, simulating particle collisions. This model accurately reflects experimental data and reveals energy transfer mechanisms.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Granular Mechanics

Background:

  • Understanding energy propagation in granular media is crucial for various applications.
  • Previous models often lack detailed mechanisms for energy transfer at the grain level.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a minimal discrete model for energy propagation in 3D granular media.
  • To analyze the collision of a single spherical particle with a granular medium.
  • To derive a continuum version of the model.

Main Methods:

  • A discrete model based on binary collision events between grains.
  • Simulation of a single spherical particle impacting a granular half-space.
  • Derivation of a continuum model using a diffusion equation.

Main Results:

  • The discrete model successfully reproduces experimental observations of energy propagation.
  • A clear mechanism of energy transfer from grain to grain is elucidated.
  • The continuum model shows energy propagation governed by a diffusion equation.

Conclusions:

  • The discrete model provides a robust framework for studying energy transfer in granular systems.
  • The diffusion coefficient is proportional to the squared particle diameter and inversely proportional to collision time.
  • The packing geometry significantly influences the energy propagation dynamics.