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Related Concept Videos

Membrane Fluidity01:26

Membrane Fluidity

Membrane fluidity is explained by the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane, which describes the plasma membrane structure as a mosaic of components—including phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates—that gives the membrane a fluid character.
Mosaic nature of the membrane
The mosaic characteristic of the membrane helps the plasma membrane remain fluid. The integral proteins and lipids exist as separate but loosely-attached molecules in the membrane. The membrane is a relatively...
Membrane Fluidity01:23

Membrane Fluidity

Cell membranes are composed of phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates loosely attached to one another through chemical interactions. Molecules are generally able to move about in the plane of the membrane, giving the membrane its flexible nature called fluidity. Two other features of the membrane contribute to membrane fluidity: the chemical structure of the phospholipids and the presence of cholesterol in the membrane.Fatty acids tails of phospholipids can be either saturated or...
Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity01:26

Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity

Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
What are Membranes?01:54

What are Membranes?

A key characteristic of life is the ability to separate the external environment from the internal space. To do this, cells have evolved semi-permeable membranes that regulate the passage of biological molecules. Additionally, the cell membrane defines a cell’s shape and interactions with the external environment. Eukaryotic cell membranes also serve to compartmentalize the internal space into organelles, including the endomembrane structures of the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi...
Fluid Mosaic Model01:19

Fluid Mosaic Model

Scientists identified the plasma membrane in the 1890s and its principal chemical components (lipids and proteins) by 1915. The model for plasma membrane structure, proposed in 1935 by Hugh Davson and James Danielli, was the first model to be widely accepted in the scientific community. The model was based on the plasma membrane's "railroad track" appearance in early electron micrographs. Davson and Danielli theorized that the plasma membrane's structure resembled a sandwich with the analogy of...
Membrane Proteins01:30

Membrane Proteins

Plasma membranes have integral transmembrane proteins involved in facilitated transport. These proteins are collectively referred to as transport proteins, and they function as either channels for the material or as carriers themselves. Channel proteins have hydrophilic domains exposed to the intracellular and extracellular fluids and a hydrophilic channel through their core that provides a hydrated opening for solutes to pass through the membrane layers. Passage through the channel allows...

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Preparation of Light-responsive Membranes by a Combined Surface Grafting and Postmodification Process
12:00

Preparation of Light-responsive Membranes by a Combined Surface Grafting and Postmodification Process

Published on: March 21, 2014

Polymer membrane properties and structures for membrane light modulator applications.

P B Rolsma, J N Lee

    Optics Letters
    |September 22, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Selecting low surface energy polymers for deformable-membrane light modulators enhances device speed. A parylene/polyphosphazene composite achieves high temperature stability and low membrane tension, enabling high frame rates.

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    Preparation of Light-responsive Membranes by a Combined Surface Grafting and Postmodification Process
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    Published on: March 21, 2014

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    Dynamic Light-Induced Protein Patterns at Model Membranes

    Published on: February 23, 2024

    Area of Science:

    • Materials Science
    • Optoelectronics
    • Polymer Science

    Background:

    • Deformable-membrane light modulators require specific polymer properties for optimal performance.
    • Device speed is significantly influenced by membrane tension and material stability.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To identify polymer materials that enhance the speed of deformable-membrane light modulators.
    • To investigate the relationship between polymer surface energy, membrane tension, and device response time.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of a composite structure using parylene, poly[bis(trifluoroethoxy)phosphazene], and SiO(x).
    • Evaluation of material properties including surface energy and thermal stability.
    • Measurement of membrane tension and calculation of potential device frame rates.

    Main Results:

    • A composite structure of parylene on poly[bis(trifluoroethoxy)phosphazene] on SiO(x) demonstrated high temperature stability (up to 220 degrees C).
    • The selected polymer composite exhibited a low membrane tension of 0.18 N/m.
    • These properties suggest a potential device frame rate approaching 10 kHz.

    Conclusions:

    • Judicious polymer selection is critical for enhancing the speed of deformable-membrane light modulators.
    • Low surface energy polymers effectively reduce membrane tension, leading to faster response times.
    • The developed composite material offers a promising solution for high-speed light modulation applications.