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Related Concept Videos

Small-Signal Analysis of MOSFET Amplifiers01:23

Small-Signal Analysis of MOSFET Amplifiers

In small-signal analysis, a MOSFET transistor amplifier acts as a linear amplifier when operating in its saturation region. The gate-to-source voltage (VGS) of the MOSFET is the sum of the DC biasing voltage and the small time-varying input signal. This combination sets up the operating point and modulates the drain current (ID) that flows from the drain to the source. When a small AC signal is superimposed on the DC bias voltage at the gate, the instantaneous drain current comprises three...
Cascaded Op Amps01:16

Cascaded Op Amps

Operational amplifiers (op-amps) are versatile electronic components that can be interconnected in a cascade - one after another in a linear sequence. This cascading is possible due to their infinite input resistance and zero output resistance, allowing them to maintain their input-output relationships even when connected in series.
In a cascaded system, each op-amp is referred to as a stage. The output of one stage drives the input of the subsequent stage. As the input signal passes through...
Positive and Negative Feedback Loops01:18

Positive and Negative Feedback Loops

Animal organs and organ systems constantly adjust to internal and external changes through a process called homeostasis ("steady state"). Examples of these changes include regulation of the level of glucose or calcium in the blood or internal responses to external temperatures. Homeostasis requires  maintaining an internal dynamic equilibrium:
Inverting and Non-inverting OpAmps01:20

Inverting and Non-inverting OpAmps

In an inverting amplifier, the input voltage is connected through a resistor to the inverting terminal. Meanwhile, the non-inverting terminal is grounded and a feedback resistor is established between the inverting and output terminal, as depicted in Figure 1.
MOSFET Amplifiers01:17

MOSFET Amplifiers

The MOSFET, when operating in its active region, functions as a voltage-controlled current source. In this region, the gate-to-source voltage controls the drain current. This principle underlies the operation of the transconductance MOSFET amplifier. The output current is directed through a load resistor to convert this amplifier into a voltage amplifier. The output voltage is then obtained by subtracting the voltage drop across the load resistance from the supply voltage. This process results...
Cell Signaling Feedback Loops01:07

Cell Signaling Feedback Loops

Positive and negative feedback loops are crucial for regulating biological signaling systems. These feedback loops are processes that connect output signals to their inputs.
Negative feedback loops
Most signaling systems have negative feedback loops that can perform different functions such as output limiter, and adaptation.
Output limiter
Upon receiving an input signal, the cellular response rapidly increases until a threshold is reached. Beyond this threshold, a negative feedback loop...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Gain-compensation Methodology for a Sinusoidal Scan of a Galvanometer Mirror in Proportional-Integral-Differential Control Using Pre-emphasis Techniques
09:01

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Published on: April 4, 2017

Nonlinear amplifying loop mirror.

M E Fermann, F Haberl, M Hofer

    Optics Letters
    |September 22, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    A new all-optical switching device uses a fiber loop mirror with an integrated amplifier for efficient nonlinearity use. This novel design achieves switching with low signal and pump powers, demonstrating its practical potential.

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    Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

    Gain-compensation Methodology for a Sinusoidal Scan of a Galvanometer Mirror in Proportional-Integral-Differential Control Using Pre-emphasis Techniques
    09:01

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    Published on: April 4, 2017

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics and Optical Engineering
    • Nonlinear Optics
    • Fiber Optic Devices

    Background:

    • All-optical switching is crucial for high-speed data processing.
    • Exploiting waveguide nonlinearities offers efficient switching mechanisms.
    • Existing devices often require high power levels.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To present a novel device arrangement for all-optical switching.
    • To demonstrate efficient utilization of waveguide nonlinearities.
    • To achieve low-power optical switching.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing a long optical fiber loop mirror.
    • Integrating a short, asymmetrically located optical amplifier.
    • Employing a Nd(3+)-doped fiber amplifier for performance demonstration.

    Main Results:

    • Efficient exploitation of waveguide nonlinearities achieved.
    • Optical switching demonstrated with peak signal powers below 1 W.
    • Low amplifier pump power of 10 mW required for switching.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed device arrangement enables efficient all-optical switching.
    • Low power requirements make the device practical for various applications.
    • This design represents a significant advancement in optical switching technology.