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Hiatal Hernia

Hiatal Hernia

A hiatal hernia is the abnormal protrusion of the stomach or other abdominal organs through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm into the thoracic cavity.Normally, the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) lies below the diaphragm and is supported by the phrenoesophageal membrane, the diaphragmatic crura, and connective tissues. Weakening of these structures—due to aging, congenital defects like a short esophagus, or increased intra-abdominal pressure from coughing, obesity, pregnancy, or heavy...

Pneumothorax-I

Pneumothorax-I

A pneumothorax is a condition where air builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This condition arises when air enters the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, disrupting the negative pressure essential for lung inflation. This can lead to a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
Pneumothorax can be even further classified as spontaneous, traumatic, and tension pneumothorax.

Flail Chest-II

Flail Chest-II

Managing flail chest, a condition characterized by a segment of the chest wall moving independently from the rest of the thoracic cage, requires a comprehensive approach. It includes a thorough assessment of the patient's condition, a diagnostic evaluation to determine the extent of the injury, and the implementation of appropriate medical interventions tailored to the individual's needs.
Assessment:
1. Clinical Evaluation:
History:

Pneumothorax-II

Pneumothorax-II

Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:

Esophageal Perforation-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

Esophageal Perforation-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

Esophageal perforations manifest in various clinical forms, influenced by factors such as the perforation's cause and location (cervical, intrathoracic, or intra-abdominal), the extent of contamination, and potential injury to adjacent mediastinal structures. The timing between the perforation occurrence and treatment initiation also affects the clinical presentation.
Clinical Manifestations:

Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology

Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology

Pneumothorax means the presence of air in the pleural space — the thin potential gap between the visceral and parietal pleura. This condition disrupts the normal pressure balance that keeps the lungs inflated, leading to partial or complete collapse of the affected lung.Normal physiologyUnder normal conditions, the pleural space maintains a slightly negative intrapleural pressure, which keeps the lungs expanded against the chest wall. This negative pressure creates a delicate balance between...

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Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Laparoscopic Repair of Para-Esophageal Hernia Using Absorbable Biosynthetic Mesh

Laparoscopic Repair of Para-Esophageal Hernia Using Absorbable Biosynthetic Mesh

Published on: September 11, 2021

Traumatic diaphragmatic hernia-our experience.

Syed Murfad Peer¹, Patil Mallikarjun Devaraddeppa, Shashidhar Buggi

¹Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. murfad@hotmail.com

International Journal of Surgery (London, England)

|September 26, 2009

Summary

Traumatic diaphragmatic hernia management via thoracotomy shows acceptable outcomes, though right-sided ruptures pose diagnostic challenges. Chest X-rays remain crucial for diagnosing these injuries.

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Spinal Hernia Repair and Cauda Equina Repositioning After Lumbar Decompression under Three-Dimensional Microscopy: A Case Report and Literature Review

Spinal Hernia Repair and Cauda Equina Repositioning After Lumbar Decompression under Three-Dimensional Microscopy: A Case Report and Literature Review

Published on: November 8, 2024

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Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Laparoscopic Repair of Para-Esophageal Hernia Using Absorbable Biosynthetic Mesh

Laparoscopic Repair of Para-Esophageal Hernia Using Absorbable Biosynthetic Mesh

Published on: September 11, 2021

Spinal Hernia Repair and Cauda Equina Repositioning After Lumbar Decompression under Three-Dimensional Microscopy: A Case Report and Literature Review

Spinal Hernia Repair and Cauda Equina Repositioning After Lumbar Decompression under Three-Dimensional Microscopy: A Case Report and Literature Review

Published on: November 8, 2024

Area of Science:

Trauma Surgery
Thoracic Surgery
Surgical Management

Background:

Traumatic diaphragmatic hernia (TDH) is a rare but serious injury.
Prompt diagnosis and surgical intervention are critical for patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the experience in managing traumatic diaphragmatic hernia.
To analyze clinical presentation, diagnosis, operative findings, and outcomes.

Main Methods:

Retrospective review of patients operated for TDH from January 1998 to October 2008.
Analysis of clinical data, diagnostic methods, surgical approaches, and postoperative results.

Main Results:

Twenty-nine patients underwent surgery for TDH.
Blunt trauma was the primary cause (83%).
Thoracotomy was the most frequent surgical approach (69%), with 24% morbidity and 13.8% mortality.

Conclusions:

Chest X-ray is a valuable diagnostic tool for diaphragmatic ruptures.
Right-sided ruptures present diagnostic difficulties.
Thoracotomy is a viable surgical option for TDH without intra-abdominal injuries.