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Related Concept Videos

Noncovalent Attractions in Biomolecules02:35

Noncovalent Attractions in Biomolecules

Noncovalent attractions are associations within and between molecules that influence the shape and structural stability of complexes. These interactions differ from covalent bonding in that they do not involve sharing of electrons.
Four types of noncovalent interactions are hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces, ionic bonds, and hydrophobic interactions.
Hydrogen bonding results from the electrostatic attraction of a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to a strong-electronegative atom like oxygen,...
Noncovalent Attractions in Biomolecules02:35

Noncovalent Attractions in Biomolecules

Noncovalent attractions are associations within and between molecules that influence the shape and structural stability of complexes. These interactions differ from covalent bonding in that they do not involve sharing of electrons.
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Drug-Receptor Bonds01:25

Drug-Receptor Bonds

Drug-receptor bonds are formed through various chemical forces when drugs interact with target cells. Covalent bonds, strong and irreversible, are exemplified by DNA-alkylating anticancer agents that inhibit cell division. However, such irreversible drug binding lacks selectivity and can modify the DNA of the surrounding healthy cells. Covalent binding often contributes to tissue toxicity, as seen with chloroform and paracetamol metabolites binding to the liver, causing hepatotoxicity.
In...
Calmodulin-dependent Signaling01:16

Calmodulin-dependent Signaling

Calmodulin (CaM) is a calcium-binding protein in eukaryotes that controls various calcium-regulated cellular processes. It has four calcium-binding sites that bind calcium to form the calcium-calmodulin ( Ca2+-CaM) complex. GPCR stimulation increases the calcium levels in the cells that bind to CaM and induces a conformational change.
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Synthesis and Characterization of Supramolecular Colloids
09:26

Synthesis and Characterization of Supramolecular Colloids

Published on: April 22, 2016

Solid-state interactions of calixarenes with biorelevant molecules.

Oksana Danylyuk1, Kinga Suwinska

  • 1Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, PL-01 224 Warszawa, Poland.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)
|September 30, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Calixarene complexes with biologically relevant molecules offer potential medical applications. Co-crystallization modifies drug properties like solubility and stability, improving pharmaceutical development.

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Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular chemistry
  • Materials science
  • Medicinal chemistry

Background:

  • Calixarenes are macrocyclic compounds with unique host-guest properties.
  • Biologically relevant organic molecules are crucial in medicine and pharmaceuticals.
  • Crystalline complexes offer opportunities to modify active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize solid-state interactions between calixarene hosts and biologically relevant guest molecules.
  • To highlight the potential of calixarene co-crystallization in drug development.
  • To review structures determined by single-crystal X-ray crystallography.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal X-ray crystallography.
  • Analysis of solid-state interactions.
  • Review of existing literature on calixarene-drug co-crystals.

Main Results:

  • Calixarene co-crystallization can enhance solubility, bioavailability, and stability of APIs.
  • This method can control drug conformation and eliminate polymorphism.
  • Various biologically relevant molecules form crystalline complexes with calixarenes.

Conclusions:

  • Calixarene co-crystallization is a promising strategy for pharmaceutical applications.
  • Understanding solid-state interactions is key to optimizing drug properties.
  • Further research into calixarene complexes can lead to novel drug delivery systems.