Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 19, 2026

12:10
Measuring Fast Calcium Fluxes in Cardiomyocytes
Published on: November 29, 2011
A simple sequential-binding model for calcium puffs.
D Swaminathan1, G Ullah, P Jung
1Department of Physics, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA.
Chaos (Woodbury, N.Y.)
|October 2, 2009
Summary
This study models calcium puffs, which are transient releases of calcium ions (Ca2+) through IP3 receptors. The model accurately predicts puff characteristics and suggests steep calcium gradients near release sites.
Area of Science:
- Cellular Biology
- Biophysics
Background:
- Calcium puffs are transient Ca2+ releases via IP3 receptors on internal stores.
- Experimental data characterizes puff amplitudes and durations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To model calcium puffs using a sequential-binding model for IP3 receptors.
- To investigate puff properties and correlations using computational methods.
- To test the consistency of steep Ca2+ gradients with experimental observations.
Main Methods:
- A simple, sequential-binding model for the IP3 receptor.
- A computationally inexpensive point-source approximation.
- Two simulation protocols: sequential and renewal.
Main Results:
- Model results show excellent agreement with experimental puff amplitudes and durations.
- The sequential protocol indicated puff-to-puff correlations, aligning with recent findings.
- A 3D model suggests peak Ca2+ concentrations of ~10 muM at cluster sites are consistent with observed puff features.
Conclusions:
- The developed model accurately reproduces key statistical features of calcium puffs.
- The findings support the existence of steep Ca2+ gradients around IP3 receptor clusters.
- The model provides a valuable tool for further investigating calcium signaling dynamics.
Related Concept Videos
Calmodulin-dependent Signaling
Calmodulin (CaM) is a calcium-binding protein in eukaryotes that controls various calcium-regulated cellular processes. It has four calcium-binding sites that bind calcium to form the calcium-calmodulin ( Ca2+-CaM) complex. GPCR stimulation increases the calcium levels in the cells that bind to CaM and induces a conformational change.
The Ca2+-CaM complex does not have enzymatic activity by itself. Instead, the complex binds downstream target proteins, including membrane proteins or enzymes,...
The Ca2+-CaM complex does not have enzymatic activity by itself. Instead, the complex binds downstream target proteins, including membrane proteins or enzymes,...
Feedback Regulation of Calcium Concentration
Calcium is an essential signaling molecule required for various cellular functions. Calcium pumps and ion channels on cell and organellar membranes, such as those on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), regulate calcium concentrations inside the cell. They remain closed, keeping the cytosolic calcium levels low at a resting state.
Various transmembrane receptors, such as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), elicit a response to extracellular signals by increasing cytosolic calcium. Activated GPCRs...
Various transmembrane receptors, such as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), elicit a response to extracellular signals by increasing cytosolic calcium. Activated GPCRs...
ATP Driven Pumps II: P-type Pumps
The P-type pumps are a large family of integral membrane transporter ATPases. They are divided into five major types based on substrate specificity, from I to V.
A typical P-type pump has three cytosolic domains: nucleotide-binding (N), phosphorylation (P), and activator (A) domains. These domains are connected to the membrane-spanning helices by short amino acid segments. ATP hydrolysis and covalent phosphoenzyme intermediate formation are crucial parts of the catalytic cycle. At the highly...
A typical P-type pump has three cytosolic domains: nucleotide-binding (N), phosphorylation (P), and activator (A) domains. These domains are connected to the membrane-spanning helices by short amino acid segments. ATP hydrolysis and covalent phosphoenzyme intermediate formation are crucial parts of the catalytic cycle. At the highly...
Molecular Models
Physical models representing molecular architectures of chemical compounds play essential roles in understanding chemistry. The use of molecular models makes it easier to visualize the structures and shapes of atoms and molecules.
Smooth Muscle Contraction
Smooth muscle contraction is a complex process vital for various bodily functions, from maintaining blood vessel tension to facilitating the movement of food through the digestive tract. Unlike striated muscles, smooth muscle contraction begins more slowly and lasts longer.
The onset of contraction is triggered by an increase in calcium ions within the sarcoplasm, similar to the process in striated muscle. However, smooth muscles have a relatively smaller reservoir of the sarcoplasmic...
The onset of contraction is triggered by an increase in calcium ions within the sarcoplasm, similar to the process in striated muscle. However, smooth muscles have a relatively smaller reservoir of the sarcoplasmic...
Structure of Cadherins
The cadherins were one of the first cell adhesion molecules discovered; the term “cadherins” is based on their calcium-dependent adhering properties. The first cadherins discovered on the epithelial, neuronal, and placental cells were named E-cadherin, P-cadherin, and N-cadherin, respectively. These classical cadherins share sequence and structural similarities. Other cadherins, including those involved in cell signaling, are grouped into non-classical cadherins. This diversity of cadherins...

