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Related Concept Videos

Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy01:05

Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy

Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy or TIRF is an advanced microscopic technique used to visualize fluorophores in samples close to a solid surface with a higher refractive index, such as a glass coverslip. TIRF only allows fluorophores in proximity to the solid surface to be excited. When light from a medium with a lower refractive index (such as air) hits the glass coverslip at a critical angle, the light undergoes total internal reflection stead of passing through the glass.

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Spectral and Angle-Resolved Magneto-Optical Characterization of Photonic Nanostructures
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Microwave optical modulation by using the electro-optic effect in total internal reflection at the critical angle.

D L Butler, G L Burdge, C H Lee

    Optics Letters
    |October 2, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary

    We show how to modulate light with microwaves using the electro-optic effect in total internal reflection. This new method offers high microwave sensitivity for studying optical and electrical properties.

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    Area of Science:

    • Nonlinear Optics
    • Quantum Optics
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • The electro-optic effect is crucial for modulating light with electric fields.
    • Total internal reflection (TIR) offers unique optical boundary conditions.
    • Exploring the electro-optic effect at the TIR interface is key for novel photonic devices.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate microwave modulation of an optical beam via the electro-optic effect in total internal reflection (TIR).
    • To investigate the physical nature and fundamental properties of this electro-optic interaction at the TIR interface.
    • To present a sensitive method for studying nonlinear optical phenomena.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing the electro-optic effect in a KDP crystal near the critical angle for TIR.
    • Interacting a mode-locked laser beam with a microwave field near the crystal surface.
    • Analyzing the modulation frequencies generated in the reflected optical beam.

    Main Results:

    • Successfully demonstrated microwave modulation of an optical beam through TIR.
    • Achieved a microwave sensitivity of approximately 3 mV/V √Hz.
    • Presented a boundary-value problem formulation for nonlinear optics.

    Conclusions:

    • The study establishes a novel technique for microwave modulation of light using TIR.
    • This method provides a sensitive platform for investigating the electro-optic effect.
    • The findings contribute to understanding fundamental optical and electrical properties in nonlinear optics.