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Related Concept Videos

Rabies01:28

Rabies

Rabies is a lethal zoonotic disease caused by a single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus of the Lyssavirus genus, within the family Rhabdoviridae. Its primary mode of transmission to humans is through bites or saliva-contaminated scratches from infected mammals such as dogs, bats, raccoons, or foxes. Transmission can also occur if infectious saliva contacts abraded skin or intact mucous membranes, including the conjunctiva.Viral Entry and Early ReplicationOnce introduced at the bite or scratch...
Poliomyelitis01:17

Poliomyelitis

Poliomyelitis is caused by poliovirus, a small, non-enveloped, positive-sense RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family and Enterovirus genus. Transmission occurs primarily via the fecal-oral route, often through ingestion of contaminated water or food. The virus initially replicates in the oropharynx and intestinal mucosa, particularly in lymphoid tissues such as the tonsils, Peyer’s patches, and regional lymph nodes. Primary viremia follows, allowing dissemination throughout the body.In most...
Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
Toxoplasmosis01:28

Toxoplasmosis

Toxoplasmosis, a zoonotic disease caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, poses significant public health challenges globally due to its high seroprevalence and varied clinical manifestations. As an obligate intracellular parasite, T. gondii can infect all warm-blooded vertebrates, but felids are its only definitive hosts, shedding unsporulated oocysts into the environment. Humans typically acquire the infection through ingestion of tissue cysts in undercooked meat or oocysts from...
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever01:26

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) is a severe tick-borne illness caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, a Gram-negative, coccobacillary bacterium. This pathogen is an obligate intracellular parasite, requiring a host cell for replication. Transmission occurs through the bite of an infected tick. In the United States, the most important vectors are Dermacentor variabilis (American dog tick) and Dermacentor andersoni (Rocky Mountain wood tick), though other tick species may also serve as vectors.
Plague01:24

Plague

Plague is a highly virulent zoonotic disease caused by Yersinia pestis, a Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic coccobacillus. This pathogen primarily circulates among rodent populations and is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected fleas. Additional transmission routes include direct contact with infected animal tissue or inhalation of respiratory droplets from individuals with pneumonic plague. These multiple transmission pathways highlight the bacterium’s potential for rapid...

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Whole Genome Sequencing for Rapid Characterization of Rabies Virus Using Nanopore Technology
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[Rabies in Poland in 2007].

Małgorzata Sadkowska-Todys1, Bozena Kucharczyk

  • 1Zakład Epidemiologii, Narodowy Instytut Zdrowia Publicznego-Państwowy Zakład Higieny, Warszawa. mtodys@pzh.gov.pl

Przeglad Epidemiologiczny
|October 6, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Mass oral vaccination of wild animals against rabies in Poland has significantly reduced animal rabies cases by over forty-fold since 2001. Despite this success, rabies sources persist, necessitating ongoing surveillance and vaccination efforts.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Context:

  • Rabies remains a significant zoonotic disease globally.
  • Poland implemented mass oral vaccination for wild animals against rabies in 1993.
  • The epizootic situation of rabies in Poland has been monitored since the vaccination program's inception.

Purpose:

  • To evaluate the impact of mass oral vaccination on animal rabies incidence in Poland.
  • To assess the current epidemiological status of rabies in Poland.
  • To analyze the reasons for post-exposure prophylaxis administration in humans.

Summary:

  • In 2007, Poland reported 70 animal rabies cases, a >40-fold decrease compared to 2001.
  • Oral vaccination of wild animals, particularly foxes, has demonstrably improved the rabies epizootic situation.

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  • Rabies reservoirs persist, primarily in the eastern regions, accounting for 75% of cases.
  • Out of 6,608 individuals vaccinated against rabies, 91 (1.4%) had contact with or were bitten by a potentially rabid animal.

    • Impact:

    • Successful reduction in animal rabies cases due to widespread vaccination.
    • Highlights the continued risk posed by rabies reservoirs in specific geographic areas.
    • Underscores the importance of post-exposure prophylaxis in humans following animal contact.