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Published on: August 15, 2022
Transfusion related acute lung injury
Ratti Ram Sharma1, Prasun Bhattacharya, Beenu Thakral
1Department of Transfusion Medicine, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India.
Indian Journal of Pathology & Microbiology
|October 7, 2009
Summary
Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is a rare but fatal complication of blood transfusions. Early recognition and reporting are crucial for patient safety and identifying at-risk individuals.
Area of Science:
- Hematology
- Critical Care Medicine
- Transfusion Medicine
Background:
- Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is a serious adverse event linked to transfusing plasma-containing blood products.
- It is characterized by acute respiratory distress developing shortly after transfusion.
Observation:
- A 10-year-old male with aplastic anemia and a low platelet count received a random platelet concentrate.
- Within two hours, the patient developed fever, dyspnea, and cyanosis, indicative of acute lung injury.
Findings:
- Despite intensive medical intervention, the patient succumbed to the condition within 24 hours.
- This case underscores the critical need to consider TRALI in patients experiencing respiratory distress post-transfusion.
Implications:
- Diagnosing TRALI requires a high index of suspicion and exclusion of other transfusion reactions due to the absence of a gold standard.
- Prompt notification to transfusion services is vital for investigation, identification of at-risk donors/recipients, and implementing risk mitigation strategies.
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