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Updated: Jun 19, 2026

A Method to Study the C924T Polymorphism of the Thromboxane A2 Receptor Gene
Published on: April 1, 2019
Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in genes encoding toll-like receptor -2, -3, -4, and -9 in case-control study with
Godfrey E Etokebe1, Jelena Knezević, Branka Petricević
1Faculty of Dentistry, Institute for Oral Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Background:
Genetic susceptibility to cancer is multifactorial, and it is known that impairment of the immune system could contribute to risk for getting cancer.
Aim Of The Study:
Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, TLR3, TLR4, and TLR9 genes, which are important for innate immunity, were analyzed for the association with breast cancer.
Methods:
The SNPs comprised TLR2 (c.597T>C), TLR2 (c.1350T>C), TLR3 (c.1377C>T), TLR4 (c.896A>G), and TLR9 (c.1635A>G). The allelic and genotypic frequencies of these TLR SNPs were compared between patients (n = 130) and controls (n = 101) in a case-control study from Croatia.
Results:
TLR SNPs were not significantly different. From the population genetics viewpoint, we found that a hypomorphic variant of TLR4 (p.Asp299Gly) allele has no specific allelic frequency (8.4%) in the Croatian population (n = 496) compared to other Caucasians (6.5-10%).
Conclusion:
These results suggest that polymorphisms in tested TLR genes are not likely to be associated with increased risk for developing breast cancer.
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