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Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease

Published on: June 16, 2020

Gadolinium-associated nephrogenic systemic fibrosis.

Jeffrey D Schlaudecker¹, Christopher R Bernheisel

¹The University of Cincinatti College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.

American Family Physician

|October 13, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) is a serious condition linked to gadolinium-based contrast agents in patients with kidney failure. Alternative imaging is recommended for at-risk individuals due to potential fatal outcomes.

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Experimental Approaches for Biochemical Analysis of Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein and Its Disease-associated Variants

Experimental Approaches for Biochemical Analysis of Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein and Its Disease-associated Variants

Published on: November 28, 2025

Area of Science:

Nephrology
Radiology
Toxicology

Background:

Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) is a severe, multi-organ fibrotic disease.
NSF is strongly associated with gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) in patients with renal impairment.
The U.S. FDA advises against GBCAs in patients with glomerular filtration rates below 30 mL/min/1.73 m².

Purpose of the Study:

To review the association between GBCAs and NSF.
To highlight the risks and current recommendations regarding GBCA use in renal failure patients.
To emphasize the need for alternative imaging modalities in at-risk populations.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature and FDA warnings regarding NSF and GBCAs.
Analysis of the risk factors, clinical presentation, and outcomes of NSF.
Discussion of proposed preventive measures and treatment limitations.

Main Results:

NSF risk is approximately 4% in patients with severe renal insufficiency exposed to GBCAs.
Mortality associated with NSF can approach 31%.
The exact mechanism of NSF remains unclear, and current treatments are largely ineffective.

Conclusions:

A triad of GBCA exposure, renal failure, and a proinflammatory state is often observed in NSF patients.
Physicians should consider alternative imaging modalities for patients with renal impairment to prevent NSF.
Early identification and avoidance of GBCAs in at-risk individuals are crucial for patient safety.