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Related Concept Videos

Standing Waves in a Cavity01:28

Standing Waves in a Cavity

A household microwave and lasers are examples of standing electromagnetic waves in a cavity. When two conducting metal plates are placed parallel at the nodal planes, it creates a cavity where standing waves are formed. The cavity between the two planes is analogous to a stretched string held at the points x = 0 and x = L. Here, the distance 'L' between the two planes must be an integer multiple of half of the wavelength. The wavelengths that satisfy this condition are given by:
Modes of Standing Waves - I01:03

Modes of Standing Waves - I

A close look at earthquakes provides evidence for the conditions appropriate for resonance, standing waves, and constructive and destructive interference. A building may vibrate for several seconds with a driving frequency matching the building's natural frequency of vibration; this produces a resonance that results in one building collapsing while the neighboring buildings do not. Often, buildings of a certain height are devastated, while other taller buildings remain intact. This phenomenon...
Modes of Standing Waves: II01:04

Modes of Standing Waves: II

The starting point for expressing the modes of standing waves is understanding the boundary conditions that the waves must follow. The boundary conditions are derived from the physical understanding of how the standing waves are sustained, that is, how the vibrating particles of the medium behave at the boundaries imposed on them.
For a tube open at one end and closed at the other filled with air, the modes are such that there is always an antinode at the open end and a node at the closed end.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Fabrication And Characterization Of Photonic Crystal Slow Light Waveguides And Cavities
11:08

Fabrication And Characterization Of Photonic Crystal Slow Light Waveguides And Cavities

Published on: November 30, 2012

Wavelength-uncritical second-harmonic generation in multilayer waveguides.

G L Rikken

    Optics Letters
    |October 16, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study presents a four-layer waveguide for efficient second-harmonic generation. By utilizing modal dispersion for phase matching, a wide frequency-doubling bandwidth exceeding 100 nm is achievable with optimized layer thicknesses.

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    Microwave Photonics Systems Based on Whispering-gallery-mode Resonators
    12:18

    Microwave Photonics Systems Based on Whispering-gallery-mode Resonators

    Published on: August 5, 2013

    Area of Science:

    • Photonics and Optics
    • Nonlinear Optics
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Second-harmonic generation (SHG) is a key process in nonlinear optics for frequency conversion.
    • Efficient SHG typically requires precise phase matching between fundamental and harmonic waves.
    • Waveguide structures offer enhanced light confinement for nonlinear interactions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and analyze a novel four-layer waveguide structure for enhanced second-harmonic generation.
    • To demonstrate the feasibility of achieving broadband frequency doubling using modal dispersion.
    • To optimize layer thicknesses for maximizing the frequency-doubling bandwidth.

    Main Methods:

    • Design of a four-layer waveguide structure.
    • Utilizing modal dispersion for phase matching in the waveguide.
    • Numerical analysis of the waveguide's nonlinear optical properties.
    • Parametric study of layer thicknesses and material properties.

    Main Results:

    • A four-layer waveguide structure capable of second-harmonic generation was designed.
    • Phase matching was achieved through the exploitation of modal dispersion.
    • A frequency-doubling bandwidth greater than 100 nm was predicted for realistic material parameters.
    • The bandwidth is highly dependent on the precise choice of layer thicknesses.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed four-layer waveguide offers a promising platform for broadband second-harmonic generation.
    • Modal dispersion provides an effective mechanism for phase matching in such structures.
    • Further optimization of layer thicknesses can lead to significant improvements in frequency-doubling performance.