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Related Concept Videos

Standing Waves in a Cavity01:28

Standing Waves in a Cavity

A household microwave and lasers are examples of standing electromagnetic waves in a cavity. When two conducting metal plates are placed parallel at the nodal planes, it creates a cavity where standing waves are formed. The cavity between the two planes is analogous to a stretched string held at the points x = 0 and x = L. Here, the distance 'L' between the two planes must be an integer multiple of half of the wavelength. The wavelengths that satisfy this condition are given by:
Standing Waves01:17

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Sometimes waves do not seem to move; rather, they just vibrate in place. Unmoving waves can be seen on the surface of a glass of milk kept in a refrigerator, which is one example of standing waves. Vibrations from the refrigerator motor create waves on the milk that oscillate up and down but do not seem to move across the surface. These waves are formed or created by the superposition of two or more identical moving waves in opposite directions. The waves move through each other, with their...
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A close look at earthquakes provides evidence for the conditions appropriate for resonance, standing waves, and constructive and destructive interference. A building may vibrate for several seconds with a driving frequency matching the building's natural frequency of vibration; this produces a resonance that results in one building collapsing while the neighboring buildings do not. Often, buildings of a certain height are devastated, while other taller buildings remain intact. This phenomenon...
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The German physicist Heinrich Hertz (1857–1894) was the first to generate and detect certain types of electromagnetic waves in the laboratory. Starting in 1887, he performed a series of experiments that confirmed the existence of electromagnetic waves and verified that they travel at the speed of light. Hertz used an alternating-current RLC (resistor-inductor-capacitor) circuit that resonated at a known frequency and connected it to a loop of wire. High voltages induced across the gap in the...
Modes of Standing Waves: II01:04

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The starting point for expressing the modes of standing waves is understanding the boundary conditions that the waves must follow. The boundary conditions are derived from the physical understanding of how the standing waves are sustained, that is, how the vibrating particles of the medium behave at the boundaries imposed on them.
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Resonance is produced depending on the boundary conditions imposed on a wave. Resonance can be produced in a string under tension with symmetrical boundary conditions (i.e., has a node at each end). A node is defined as a fixed point where the string does not move. The symmetrical boundary conditions result in some frequencies resonating and producing standing waves, while other frequencies interfere destructively. Sound waves can resonate in a hollow tube, and the frequencies of the sound...

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Microwave Photonics Systems Based on Whispering-gallery-mode Resonators
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Squeezing in traveling-wave second-harmonic generation.

R D Li, P Kumar

    Optics Letters
    |October 16, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    We analyzed second-harmonic generation to understand field squeezing. A new mechanism involving nonlinear phase shifts was discovered in cases of large phase mismatch, enhancing squeezing.

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    Area of Science:

    • Nonlinear optics
    • Quantum optics

    Background:

    • Second-harmonic generation (SHG) is a key nonlinear optical process.
    • Understanding field squeezing is crucial for quantum information technologies.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To analyze squeezing of the fundamental field during type-II phase-matched SHG.
    • To investigate the influence of fundamental field depletion and phase mismatch on squeezing.
    • To identify novel mechanisms for generating squeezing.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of traveling-wave, type-II phase-matched second-harmonic generation.
    • Inclusion of fundamental field depletion in the theoretical model.
    • Consideration of phase mismatch between fundamental and harmonic fields.

    Main Results:

    • For phase-matched SHG, generated squeezing S = 1 - gamma, where gamma is harmonic conversion efficiency.
    • A new squeezing generation mechanism was identified for large phase mismatch.
    • This new mechanism relies on the nonlinear phase shift of the fundamental field due to cascaded $\chi^{(2)}$ nonlinearity.

    Conclusions:

    • The study quantifies squeezing in SHG, relating it to conversion efficiency.
    • A novel squeezing mechanism driven by nonlinear phase shifts in mismatched conditions is revealed.
    • This finding offers new pathways for generating quantum states of light.