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Related Concept Videos

Autophagy01:27

Autophagy

Autophagy is a self-digesting process by which a cell protects itself from threats both within and outside the cell, ranging from abnormal proteins to invading bacteria. In this process, obsolete components of the cell and invading microbes are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen.
An autophagic pathway consists of a series of signaling events activated in response to diverse stress and physiological conditions such as food deprivation,...
Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome01:36

Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome

Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
Endocytosis
In endocytosis, the cell membrane takes up macromolecules and particles from the surrounding medium. Clathrin-mediated...
Autophagic Cell Death01:18

Autophagic Cell Death

Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and pro-apoptotic...
Export of Misfolded Proteins out of the ER01:32

Export of Misfolded Proteins out of the ER

After folding, the ER assesses the quality of secretory and membrane proteins. The correctly folded proteins are cleared by the calnexin cycle for transport to their final destination, while misfolded proteins are held back in the ER lumen. The ER chaperones attempt to unfold and refold the misfolded proteins but sometimes fail to achieve the correct native conformation. Such terminally misfolded proteins are then exported to the cytosol by ER-associated degradation or ERAD pathway for...
Molecular Chaperones and Protein Folding03:00

Molecular Chaperones and Protein Folding

The native conformation of a protein is formed by interactions between the side chains of its constituent amino acids. When the amino acids cannot form these interactions, the protein cannot fold by itself and needs chaperones. Notably, chaperones do not relay any additional information required for the folding of polypeptides; the native conformation of a protein is determined solely by its amino acid sequence. Chaperones catalyze protein folding without being a part of the folded protein.
The...
Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy01:22

Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy

Cells respond to damage and stress through highly coordinated processes that decide whether they survive or undergo controlled self-destruction. Two major pathways involved in this regulation are apoptosis, a type of programmed cell death, and autophagy, a survival mechanism that helps cells adapt to adverse conditions.ApoptosisApoptosis removes aged or injured cells to maintain tissue balance. During this process, the cell shrinks, chromatin condenses and fragments, and membrane-bound...

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Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Study of Protein-protein Interactions in Autophagy Research
14:08

Study of Protein-protein Interactions in Autophagy Research

Published on: September 9, 2017

Chaperone-mediated autophagy: selectivity pays off.

Ana Maria Cuervo1

  • 1Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center and Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA. amcuervo@aecom.yu.edu

Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism: TEM
|October 28, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) selectively degrades cellular components for quality control and energy. Maintaining CMA function is crucial for combating age-related decline and promoting cellular health.

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Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

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In Vitro and In Vivo Detection of Mitophagy in Human Cells, C. Elegans, and Mice
08:40

In Vitro and In Vivo Detection of Mitophagy in Human Cells, C. Elegans, and Mice

Published on: November 22, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Aging Research

Background:

  • Autophagy is a cellular process for degrading intracellular components.
  • Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) is a selective pathway distinct from other autophagic mechanisms.
  • CMA plays roles in cellular quality control and energy provision during nutrient deprivation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the selective pathway of chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA).
  • To discuss the role of CMA in cellular homeostasis and its link to human disorders.
  • To highlight the importance of CMA in the aging process.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of chaperone-mediated autophagy.
  • Analysis of CMA's mechanism and substrate selectivity.
  • Examination of CMA's role in cellular quality control and energy metabolism.

Main Results:

  • CMA selectively targets proteins for lysosomal degradation.
  • Altered CMA is implicated in severe human diseases.
  • Age-related decline in CMA activity exacerbates disease and impacts homeostasis.

Conclusions:

  • CMA is a critical pathway for cellular quality control and energy supply.
  • Preserving CMA function mitigates age-dependent decline.
  • CMA is a key target for anti-aging strategies and maintaining healthspan.