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Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Assessing Respiratory Immune Responses to Haemophilus Influenzae
06:32

Assessing Respiratory Immune Responses to Haemophilus Influenzae

Published on: June 29, 2021

[Changes over 10 years of ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae isolated from children]

Hiroshi Sakata1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Kosei Hospital.

The Japanese Journal of Antibiotics
|October 29, 2009
PubMed

Insights

Ampicillin resistance in Haemophilus influenzae significantly increased in children over a decade. Beta-lactamase negative ampicillin resistant strains became prevalent, indicating a growing challenge for antibiotic treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Clinical Medicine
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Haemophilus influenzae is a common cause of pediatric infections.
  • Antibiotic resistance, particularly to ampicillin, poses a significant public health threat.
  • Monitoring resistance patterns is crucial for effective treatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the changing trends of ampicillin resistance in Haemophilus influenzae strains.
  • To determine the prevalence of beta-lactamase negative ampicillin resistant (BLNAR) strains over time.
  • To analyze the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ampicillin for isolated strains.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 3784 Haemophilus influenzae strains from pediatric patients (1 month to 12 years).
  • Drug susceptibility testing performed using Etest according to Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute guidelines.
  • Data collected from July 1999 to December 2008.

Main Results:

  • Ampicillin resistance (MIC < 2 µg/ml) decreased from 87.1% in 1999 to 28.7% in 2008 (p < 0.001).
  • Beta-lactamase negative ampicillin resistant (BLNAR) strains increased significantly from 2.9% in 1999 to 43.3% in 2008 (p < 0.001).
  • The MIC90 for ampicillin rose from 2 µg/ml in 1999 to 16 µg/ml in 2008.

Conclusions:

  • A significant increase in ampicillin resistance among pediatric Haemophilus influenzae strains was observed.
  • The rise of BLNAR strains is a major driver of this increasing resistance.
  • These findings highlight the urgent need for updated treatment guidelines and surveillance of antibiotic resistance patterns.

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