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Activity of Posterior Lateral Line Afferent Neurons during Swimming in Zebrafish
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FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF SWIM-BLADDER MUSCLES ENGAGED IN SOUND PRODUCTION OF THE TOADFISH.

C R Skoglund1

  • 1Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, and the Department of Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

The Journal of Biophysical and Biochemical Cytology
|October 30, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Toadfish use fast-contracting swim-bladder muscles for sound production. Muscle action potentials and mechanical effects correlate with sound, suggesting bladder resonance amplifies the muscle-generated sound.

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Area of Science:

  • Bioacoustics
  • Muscle Physiology
  • Neuroethology

Background:

  • The toadfish utilizes specialized swim-bladder muscles for sound production.
  • Understanding the physiological mechanisms of this sound production is crucial for bioacoustics and animal communication research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To functionally analyze the striated swim-bladder muscles involved in toadfish sound production.
  • To investigate the relationship between muscle activity, mechanical output, and sound generation.

Main Methods:

  • Simultaneous recording of muscle action potentials, mechanical effects, and sound.
  • Electrical nerve stimulation of excised bladders and in situ studies on decerebrate preparations.
  • Analysis of muscle fiber synchronization using surface and microelectrodes.

Main Results:

  • Muscle twitches were very fast (average contraction time 5 msec) with synchronized fiber activity.
  • A short latency (0.5 msec) was observed between action potentials and muscle contraction onset.
  • Sound recordings showed a correlation with muscle contraction, suggesting bladder resonance amplifies muscle-generated sound.

Conclusions:

  • Toadfish swim-bladder muscles exhibit rapid, synchronized contractions crucial for sound production.
  • Bladder resonance plays a significant role in amplifying the sound initiated by muscle activity.
  • The study provides insights into the neuromuscular control and acoustic properties of fish sound production.