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Related Concept Videos

Non-Oral Extravascular Drug Absorption Routes01:15

Non-Oral Extravascular Drug Absorption Routes

Non-oral extravascular routes, which encompass sublingual, buccal, topical, intramuscular, and inhalation methods, primarily utilize passive diffusion to transport drugs into the systemic circulation. The absorption rates and effectiveness of these routes depend on the drug's physicochemical properties, as well as the patient's anatomical and pathophysiological state.
Lipophilic drugs that are stable at salivary pH (6) and exhibit minimal binding to the oral mucosa are absorbed more effectively...
Routes of Drug Administration: Parenteral01:25

Routes of Drug Administration: Parenteral

The administration of drugs via parenteral routes allows for direct drug introduction into the systemic circulation, resulting in high bioavailability because the medication bypasses the harsh conditions of the gastrointestinal tract and hepatic metabolism.
The intravenous route (IV) of drug administration can be further categorized into two types. The bolus injection administers the entire dose rapidly, while an intravenous infusion slowly delivers smaller doses steadily.
The IV route is often...
Drug Absorption: Overview01:17

Drug Absorption: Overview

The process of drug absorption signifies the transition of a drug from its site of administration into the plasma. This process is influenced by various factors, including the route of administration, the anatomy of the absorption site, the mechanism of absorption, gut motility, and the drug's physicochemical properties.
When drugs are injected intravenously, they directly enter the systemic circulation. Alternatively, orally administered drugs navigate through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route01:29

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...
Drug Distribution: Tissue Binding01:21

Drug Distribution: Tissue Binding

Upon entering the systemic circulation, drugs can distribute into the interstitial and intracellular fluid of various tissue cells. This distribution is facilitated by the binding of drugs to different cellular components within tissues, which may lead to drug accumulation in specific areas. Drugs bound to tissue components serve as reservoirs that release free drugs back into the system, prolonging the drug's overall action. However, this accumulation can also result in local toxicity.
For...
One-Compartment Open Model for Extravascular Administration: Zero-Order Absorption Model01:12

One-Compartment Open Model for Extravascular Administration: Zero-Order Absorption Model

Extravascular administration, such as oral or intramuscular routes, is a non-invasive drug delivery method, often preferred for ease and patient compliance. A key factor here is absorption, which dictates how quickly and effectively the drug enters the bloodstream from the administration site. Absorption follows either zero-order or first-order kinetics.
Zero-order absorption maintains a steady rate irrespective of the amount of drug left to be absorbed, making it a constant process. In the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

A Guide to Examining Intramuscular Fat Formation and its Cellular Origin in Skeletal Muscle
09:19

A Guide to Examining Intramuscular Fat Formation and its Cellular Origin in Skeletal Muscle

Published on: May 26, 2022

ON ABSORPTION FROM INTRAMUSCULAR TISSUE.

J Auer1, S J Meltzer

  • 1Department of Physiology and Pharmacology of the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York.

The Journal of Experimental Medicine
|October 30, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Injections into rabbit lumbar muscles show rapid substance absorption, unlike gluteal injections. This absorption is not caused by needle proximity to or damage of blood vessels.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Anatomy

Background:

  • Intramuscular injections are a common route for drug administration.
  • Understanding absorption kinetics is crucial for effective therapeutic outcomes.
  • Previous studies have not fully elucidated the absorption characteristics of lumbar muscle injections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the absorption rate of substances injected into the lumbar muscles of rabbits.
  • To determine the factors influencing rapid absorption in this anatomical region.
  • To compare lumbar muscle absorption with that of gluteal muscles.

Main Methods:

  • Substances, including adrenalin, were injected into the lumbar muscles of rabbits.
  • Absorption was monitored following the injections.
  • Control injections were administered into gluteal muscles for comparison.
  • Vascular integrity was assessed to rule out venous involvement.

Main Results:

  • Injections into lumbar muscles resulted in rapid absorption of the administered substances.
  • Rapid absorption was observed irrespective of whether the needle entered a vein or caused vascular damage.
  • Injections into gluteal muscles did not yield consistent or reliable absorption results.

Conclusions:

  • The lumbar muscle in rabbits facilitates rapid absorption of injected substances.
  • The mechanism of rapid absorption is independent of direct vascular administration or trauma.
  • Lumbar muscle injections offer a potentially efficient route for substance delivery in rabbits, contrasting with gluteal injections.