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Related Concept Videos

Pneumonia I: Introduction01:29

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an infection of the lower respiratory tract that leads to inflammation of the lung parenchyma, often resulting in the accumulation of inflammatory exudate in the alveoli and airways. Unlike the watery, low-protein fluid exudate in pulmonary edema, the exudate in this case is a thick fluid rich in immune cells, proteins, and debris produced during infection and inflammation.This impairs gas exchange and can lead to consolidation of lung tissue. The infection may be caused by a...
Pneumonia I: Introduction01:30

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
Atypical Pneumonia01:14

Atypical Pneumonia

Atypical pneumonia, often caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, is a form of pulmonary infection that differs from the classical presentation of bacterial pneumonia in both its cause and clinical symptoms. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a pleomorphic bacterium notable for its lack of a rigid cell wall. This structural characteristic imparts resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and significantly influences the bacterium’s behavior within the human host.Other pathogens responsible for the disease include...
Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology01:29

Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps:
Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment01:30

Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment

Pneumonia poses the potential for numerous complications that warrant consideration. These complications include the following:
Pulmonary Ventilation: Inhalation01:24

Pulmonary Ventilation: Inhalation

Pulmonary ventilation is a vital process that ensures the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs. It refers to the movement of air into and out of the lungs, enabling the body to obtain oxygen and remove waste carbon dioxide. In this article, we will explore the intricacies of pulmonary ventilation, including its underlying principles, mechanisms, and the interplay of pressures within the respiratory system.
Boyle's law becomes particularly pertinent when examining respiratory...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

A Non-invasive and Technically Non-intensive Method for Induction and Phenotyping of Experimental Bacterial Pneumonia in Mice
07:43

A Non-invasive and Technically Non-intensive Method for Induction and Phenotyping of Experimental Bacterial Pneumonia in Mice

Published on: September 28, 2016

EXPERIMENTAL PNEUMONIA BY INTRABRONCHIAL INSUFFLATION.

R V Lamar1, S J Meltzer

  • 1Laboratories of The Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York.

The Journal of Experimental Medicine
|October 30, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Researchers successfully induced experimental lobar pneumonia in dogs using pneumococcus cultures. This breakthrough offers a reliable animal model for studying pneumonia, crucial for developing new treatments.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Pathology
  • Veterinary Medicine

Background:

  • Previous attempts to create animal models of lobar pneumonia were largely unsuccessful.
  • Understanding the pathogenesis of lobar pneumonia requires a reliable experimental model.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a reproducible experimental model of lobar pneumonia in animals.
  • To investigate the pathological and clinical characteristics of experimentally induced pneumonia.

Main Methods:

  • Intrabronchial insufflation of pure pneumococcus cultures into dogs.
  • Inoculation with Pneumococcus mucosus and Friedländer's pneumobacillus in select cases.
  • Observation of pathological, bacteriological, and clinical outcomes.

Main Results:

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A Robust Pneumonia Model in Immunocompetent Rodents to Evaluate Antibacterial Efficacy against S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa or A. baumannii
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A Robust Pneumonia Model in Immunocompetent Rodents to Evaluate Antibacterial Efficacy against S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa or A. baumannii

Published on: January 2, 2017

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Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

A Non-invasive and Technically Non-intensive Method for Induction and Phenotyping of Experimental Bacterial Pneumonia in Mice
07:43

A Non-invasive and Technically Non-intensive Method for Induction and Phenotyping of Experimental Bacterial Pneumonia in Mice

Published on: September 28, 2016

A Model of Self-limited Acute Lung Injury by Unilateral Intra-bronchial Acid Instillation
07:40

A Model of Self-limited Acute Lung Injury by Unilateral Intra-bronchial Acid Instillation

Published on: August 30, 2019

A Robust Pneumonia Model in Immunocompetent Rodents to Evaluate Antibacterial Efficacy against S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa or A. baumannii
09:17

A Robust Pneumonia Model in Immunocompetent Rodents to Evaluate Antibacterial Efficacy against S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa or A. baumannii

Published on: January 2, 2017

  • Successful induction of experimental lobar pneumonia in 42 dogs with a 16% mortality rate.
  • Fatal cases closely mimicked human lobar pneumonia pathologically.
  • Non-fatal cases showed milder clinical courses compared to human pneumonia.
  • Experimental pneumonia was also induced with P. mucosus and Friedländer's pneumobacillus.

Conclusions:

  • Intrabronchial pneumococcus insufflation provides a reliable method for producing experimental lobar pneumonia in dogs.
  • The model closely replicates human lobar pneumonia, aiding further research.
  • Successful induction may be linked to mechanical bronchial obliteration by the culture, facilitating pneumococcal development.