The effects of a Pilates training program on arm-trunk posture and movement

Area of Science:

• Biomechanics
• Physical Therapy
• Exercise Science

Background:

• Neck-shoulder pain is linked to poor shoulder biomechanics and spine alignment.
• Pilates exercises focus on posture, flexibility, core control, and segmental alignment.
• Understanding Pilates' impact on shoulder function is crucial for pain management.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the effects of a Pilates program on arm-trunk posture.
• To assess changes in strength, flexibility, and biomechanical patterns during shoulder flexion.
• To investigate Pilates' influence on muscle activity and spinal alignment.

Main Methods:

• 19 participants (10 experimental, 9 control) were assessed over 12 weeks.
• The experimental group completed two 1-hour Pilates sessions weekly.
• Assessments included seated posture, abdominal strength, shoulder range of motion, and muscle activity during shoulder flexion.

Main Results:

• Pilates improved static thoracic kyphosis and abdominal strength.
• Reduced scapular displacement and improved upper thoracic and lumbar spine alignment were observed.
• Altered muscle activation patterns, including increased cervical erector spinae and rhomboid activity, were noted during shoulder flexion.

Conclusions:

• Pilates effectively enhances abdominal strength and upper spine posture.
• The program improves core stabilization during functional shoulder movements.
• Results support Pilates' role in preventing neck-shoulder pain by addressing functional deficits.