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Related Concept Videos

Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy01:16

Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy

Confocal microscopy is an advanced microscopic technique. The prime advantage of the confocal microscope over other microscopy techniques is its ability to block the out-of-focus light from the illuminated samples using pinholes. It is widely used with fluorescence optics to obtain high-resolution, sharp contrast images. Unlike optical microscopes, confocal microscopes use a focused beam of light laser to scan the entire sample surface at different z-planes. These microscopes are, therefore,...
Super-resolution Fluorescence Microscopy01:37

Super-resolution Fluorescence Microscopy

Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy (SRFM) provides a better resolution than conventional fluorescence microscopy by reducing the point spread function (PSF). PSF is the light intensity distribution from a point that causes it to appear blurred. Due to PSF, each fluorescing point appears bigger than its actual size, and it is the PSF interference of nearby fluorophores that causes the blurred image. Various approaches to achieving higher resolution through SRFM have recently been developed.
Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy01:26

Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy

Phase-Contrast Microscopes
In-phase-contrast microscopes, interference between light directly passing through a cell and light refracted by cellular components is used to create high-contrast, high-resolution images without staining. It is the oldest and simplest type of microscope that creates an image by altering the wavelengths of light rays passing through the specimen. Altered wavelength paths are created using an annular stop in the condenser. The annular stop produces a hollow cone of...
Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy01:05

Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy

Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy or TIRF is an advanced microscopic technique used to visualize fluorophores in samples close to a solid surface with a higher refractive index, such as a glass coverslip. TIRF only allows fluorophores in proximity to the solid surface to be excited. When light from a medium with a lower refractive index (such as air) hits the glass coverslip at a critical angle, the light undergoes total internal reflection stead of passing through the glass.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Confocal Microscopy Reveals Cell Surface Receptor Aggregation Through Image Correlation Spectroscopy
06:51

Confocal Microscopy Reveals Cell Surface Receptor Aggregation Through Image Correlation Spectroscopy

Published on: August 2, 2018

Confocal microscopy by aperture correlation.

T Wilson, R Juskaitis, M A Neil

    Optics Letters
    |November 3, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Real-time confocal microscopy is now possible with non-laser light sources. Aperture correlation techniques significantly increase the light budget for improved imaging, achieving up to 50% light utilization.

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    Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

    Confocal Microscopy Reveals Cell Surface Receptor Aggregation Through Image Correlation Spectroscopy
    06:51

    Confocal Microscopy Reveals Cell Surface Receptor Aggregation Through Image Correlation Spectroscopy

    Published on: August 2, 2018

    Video-rate Scanning Confocal Microscopy and Microendoscopy
    14:10

    Video-rate Scanning Confocal Microscopy and Microendoscopy

    Published on: October 20, 2011

    Near Simultaneous Laser Scanning Confocal and Atomic Force Microscopy (Conpokal) on Live Cells
    09:20

    Near Simultaneous Laser Scanning Confocal and Atomic Force Microscopy (Conpokal) on Live Cells

    Published on: August 11, 2020

    Area of Science:

    • Microscopy
    • Optical Imaging
    • Image Processing

    Background:

    • Confocal microscopy typically requires lasers for real-time imaging.
    • Non-laser light sources are limited in real-time confocal applications.
    • Tandem scanning confocal microscopes offer real-time imaging but have a low light budget (≤1%).

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a method for real-time confocal imaging using non-laser light sources.
    • To significantly increase the light budget in confocal microscopy.
    • To overcome the limitations of traditional tandem scanning confocal microscopes.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing aperture correlation techniques.
    • Relaxing the direct requirement for a pure confocal image.
    • Developing novel image processing algorithms.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved real-time confocal imaging with non-laser light sources.
    • Dramatically increased the light budget to 25-50%.
    • Demonstrated the feasibility of enhanced light utilization in confocal microscopy.

    Conclusions:

    • Aperture correlation enables efficient real-time confocal imaging with non-laser light.
    • The developed method significantly improves light budget, enhancing imaging capabilities.
    • This approach offers a promising alternative for advanced real-time confocal microscopy.