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Published on: October 18, 2021
Bone augmentation procedures in implant dentistry.
Matteo Chiapasco1, Paolo Casentini, Marco Zaniboni
1Unit of Oral Surgery, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Via Beldiletto 1/3, 20142 Milan, Italy. matteo.chiapasco@unimi.it
This review examined surgical techniques for reconstructing jaw ridges and implant success rates in augmented areas. Current evidence is insufficient to definitively rank procedures, highlighting the need for higher-quality research on bone grafting and sinus lifts for dental implants.
Area of Science:
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
- Periodontology
- Dental Implantology
Background:
- Alveolar ridge deficiencies pose challenges for dental implant placement.
- Various surgical techniques exist for alveolar ridge augmentation.
- Assessing the long-term efficacy of these augmentations is crucial for implant success.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the success of surgical techniques for reconstructing deficient alveolar ridges.
- To determine the survival and success rates of dental implants placed in augmented bone.
- To compare different augmentation procedures for edentulous patients.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature review of English-language clinical investigations.
- Inclusion criteria: >10 patients, ≥12 months follow-up post-loading.
- Procedures reviewed: onlay grafts, sinus lifts, Le Fort I osteotomy, ridge expansion, distraction osteogenesis.
Main Results:
- Multiple surgical augmentation techniques were identified.
- No single procedure demonstrated superior outcomes over others.
- Long-term implant survival benefits of specific augmentations remain unclear.
Conclusions:
- Surgical procedures for alveolar ridge reconstruction have varied advantages and disadvantages.
- Simpler, less invasive techniques with lower complication risks are preferred.
- Poor methodological quality of existing studies limits definitive conclusions; larger trials are needed.
