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Related Concept Videos

Preclinical Development: Overview01:28

Preclinical Development: Overview

Preclinical development consists of a series of tests that ensure the safety and efficacy of a new therapeutic compound before it is tested in humans. There are four main phases to this process. First, safety pharmacology tests are conducted to ensure the drug does not produce any acutely harmful effects. These tests examine parameters such as bronchoconstriction, cardiac dysrhythmias, blood pressure changes, and ataxia. Next, preliminary toxicological testing is performed to determine the...
Strategies for Assessing and Addressing Confounding01:25

Strategies for Assessing and Addressing Confounding

Confounding is a critical issue in epidemiological studies, often leading to misleading conclusions about associations between exposures and outcomes. It occurs when the relationship between the exposure and the outcome is mixed with the effects of other factors that influence the outcome. Given that, addressing confounding is of high importance for drawing accurate inferences in research.
Confounding can be addressed at both the design phase of a study and through analytical methods after data...
Clinical Trials: Overview01:11

Clinical Trials: Overview

Clinical development focuses on how the drug will interact with the human body and encompasses four key phases of clinical trials, each serving a specific purpose in assessing the safety and effectiveness of new drugs. These phases overlap and build upon one another. Phase I involves a small group of healthy volunteers (typically 20-80 individuals) or, in cases where significant toxicity is expected, patients with the targeted disease, such as cancer or AIDS. The volunteers are tested for...
Ethics in Research01:56

Ethics in Research

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Cognitive Dissonance01:38

Cognitive Dissonance

Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
Bioequivalence: Overview01:16

Bioequivalence: Overview

Pharmaceutical equivalents, by definition, are drug products with the same active ingredient in the same quantities, encapsulated in identical dosage forms, and intended for the same administration routes. These pharmaceutical equivalents are deemed bioequivalent if the bioavailability of the active entity in the drug preparations is similar. Moreover, pharmaceutical equivalents demonstrating bioequivalence are also regarded as therapeutically equivalent. This means that when used as directed,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Improving Student Outcomes with an Adaptable Molecular Cloning Course-Based Undergraduate Research Experience
10:17

Improving Student Outcomes with an Adaptable Molecular Cloning Course-Based Undergraduate Research Experience

Published on: November 15, 2024

Readdressing the need for consensus in preclinical education.

Jeffrey LaRochelle1, William Gilliland, Dario Torre

  • 1Uniformed Service University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.

Military Medicine
|November 7, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Medical schools show varied approaches to teaching clinical skills in preclinical "Introduction to Clinical Medicine" (ICM) courses. Directors desire consensus on objectives, patient roles, and assessments for improved medical education.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Improving Student Outcomes with an Adaptable Molecular Cloning Course-Based Undergraduate Research Experience
10:17

Improving Student Outcomes with an Adaptable Molecular Cloning Course-Based Undergraduate Research Experience

Published on: November 15, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Preclinical Medical Training

Background:

  • Clinical skills are integral to medical training.
  • Preclinical courses, like "Introduction to Clinical Medicine" (ICM), are foundational for developing these skills.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define national objectives for ICM courses.
  • To clarify the roles of standardized and real patients.
  • To assess current teaching and evaluation methods and explore the need for consensus.

Main Methods:

  • A voluntary, confidential survey was distributed in April 2005.
  • The survey, conducted by the Clerkship Directors in Internal Medicine (CDIM), included 24 questions on preclinical education.

Main Results:

  • Significant variation exists in teaching and assessment strategies across ICM courses.
  • Respondents expressed a strong desire for a consensus statement on ICM objectives.
  • Guidance is needed for case development, use of standardized patients, and student assessments.

Conclusions:

  • Consensus on preclinical medical education objectives is currently lacking.
  • ICM course directors are receptive to establishing national consensus and guidance.