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Related Concept Videos

Electrical Transport01:29

Electrical Transport

The electrical transport property of a material is defined by its resistance and conductivity. Resistance is the measure of a material's ability to resist the flow of electric current, while conductivity gauges its ability to allow the current to pass through, depending on the geometry of the measurement cell, such as electrode spacing and area. Conductivity is measured in Siemens (S). There are different types of conductance, including specific conductance, equivalent conductance, and molar...
Urine Studies I: Urinalysis01:29

Urine Studies I: Urinalysis

Urinalysis is a widely used diagnostic test that analyzes urine's physical, chemical, and microscopic characteristics. Healthcare providers use it to detect and monitor various health conditions, including renal disease, urinary tract infections (UTIs), diabetes, and metabolic or systemic disorders.Components of UrinalysisUrinalysis consists of three primary components: physical, chemical, and microscopic examination. Each provides unique insights into the urine sample and, by extension, the...
Urine: Physical and Chemical Properties01:18

Urine: Physical and Chemical Properties

Urine comprises approximately 95% water and 5% solutes. The primary ingredient, apart from water, is urea - a byproduct of the breakdown of amino acids. Other notable components include uric acid, a residue from nucleic acid metabolism, and creatinine, a metabolite from creatine phosphate breakdown in skeletal muscle tissue.
The concentration of these solutes varies, with urea being the most abundant nitrogenous waste product. Other solutes include sodium, chloride, potassium, phosphate,...
Physiology of the Genitourinary System III: Urine Concentration and Dilution01:20

Physiology of the Genitourinary System III: Urine Concentration and Dilution

The kidneys concentrate or dilute urine to maintain water and electrolyte balance. Nephrons, particularly the loop of Henle, play a crucial role in this process through the countercurrent multiplication system. This system establishes a high osmolarity in the renal medulla, which is essential for water reabsorption. In the loop of Henle’s descending limb, water is reabsorbed into the surrounding medulla due to its permeability to water. In contrast, the ascending limb actively transports...
Serum Studies: Renal Function Tests01:24

Serum Studies: Renal Function Tests

Renal function tests are crucial for assessing kidney health, monitoring disease progression, and evaluating the kidneys' efficiency in waste elimination, fluid balance, and electrolyte regulation. These tests offer critical insights into kidney function, even though routine measurements may appear normal until there is a significant decline in the glomerular filtration rate or GFR. Typically, signs of kidney impairment only become evident when the GFR falls to about 50% of its normal level.
Kohlraush’s Law and its Applications01:29

Kohlraush’s Law and its Applications

Kohlrausch's law explains that at infinite dilution, where dissociation is complete, each ion's contribution to the conductivity of the electrolyte is independent of the nature of other ions present in the solution. It also implies that when an electrolyte is highly diluted, the conductance of the electrolyte is the sum of the individual conductances of the ions it generates upon dissociation. The quantity of electricity an ion carries is proportional to its molar ionic conductance, which...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Wastewater Irrigation Impacts on Soil Hydraulic Conductivity: Coupled Field Sampling and Laboratory Determination of Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity
08:09

Wastewater Irrigation Impacts on Soil Hydraulic Conductivity: Coupled Field Sampling and Laboratory Determination of Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity

Published on: August 19, 2018

Electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids in urine.

Y M Fazil Marickar1

  • 1Department of Surgery, Zensa Hospital, Trivandrum 695009, India. fazilmarickar@hotmail.com

Urological Research
|November 19, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Electrical conductivity (EC) and total dissolved solids (TDS) are relevant in urinary stone formation. Higher TDS levels in early morning urine samples correlated with increased urinary crystals, suggesting a role in stone development.

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Low-Cost, Volume-Controlled Dipstick Urinalysis for Home-Testing
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Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Wastewater Irrigation Impacts on Soil Hydraulic Conductivity: Coupled Field Sampling and Laboratory Determination of Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity
08:09

Wastewater Irrigation Impacts on Soil Hydraulic Conductivity: Coupled Field Sampling and Laboratory Determination of Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity

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Low-Cost, Volume-Controlled Dipstick Urinalysis for Home-Testing
06:55

Low-Cost, Volume-Controlled Dipstick Urinalysis for Home-Testing

Published on: May 8, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Urology
  • Clinical Chemistry

Background:

  • Urinary stone disease is a significant health concern.
  • Understanding urine composition is crucial for diagnosing and managing urinary stones.
  • Electrical conductivity (EC) and total dissolved solids (TDS) are key urine parameters.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relevance of EC and TDS in urine samples from urinary stone patients.
  • To correlate EC and TDS with the presence and extent of urinary concrements.
  • To compare EC and TDS levels in early morning urine (EMU) versus random urine samples.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 2,000 urine samples from urinary stone patients.
  • Routine urinalysis including pH, specific gravity, EC, TDS, and microscopic examination.
  • Correlation analysis between EC, TDS, and urinary deposits (RBC, pus cells, crystals, phosphates).

Main Results:

  • EC values ranged from 1.1 to 33.9 mS (mean 21.5 mS); TDS ranged from 3,028 to 18,480 ppm (mean 7,012 ppm).
  • TDS levels corresponded with urine EC. Both EC and TDS were significantly higher in EMU samples than random samples (P < 0.05).
  • A significant correlation (r = +0.27, P < 0.05) was found between EC/TDS and urinary deposit abnormalities. Samples with TDS > 12,000 ppm showed more crystals.

Conclusions:

  • Total dissolved solids (TDS) show relevance in the urinary stone formation process.
  • Early morning urine samples provide a more concentrated view of parameters like EC and TDS.
  • Further research may elucidate the precise mechanisms linking TDS to urolithiasis.