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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Using Practice Testing, Public Speaking, and Source Monitoring to Examine the Influences of Learning Strategies and Stress on Episodic Memory
07:59

Using Practice Testing, Public Speaking, and Source Monitoring to Examine the Influences of Learning Strategies and Stress on Episodic Memory

Published on: June 14, 2019

Environmental context change affects memory for performed actions.

Lili Sahakyan1

  • 1University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA. l_sahaky@uncg.edu

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology (2006)
|November 19, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Environmental context changes impair recall for both performed actions and verbal tasks. However, using different contexts for study lists reduces memory errors and intrusions for both types of tasks.

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Olfactory Context Dependent Memory: Direct Presentation of Odorants
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Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Using Practice Testing, Public Speaking, and Source Monitoring to Examine the Influences of Learning Strategies and Stress on Episodic Memory
07:59

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Published on: June 14, 2019

Olfactory Context Dependent Memory: Direct Presentation of Odorants
04:47

Olfactory Context Dependent Memory: Direct Presentation of Odorants

Published on: September 18, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Memory Research

Background:

  • Environmental context influences memory recall.
  • The impact of context on subject-performed tasks (SPTs) versus verbal tasks (VTs) requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine how environmental context changes between study and test affect recall for SPTs and VTs.
  • To determine if varying study contexts reduces memory intrusions.

Main Methods:

  • Participants encoded action phrases either through performance (SPTs) or verbal encoding (VTs).
  • Recall was tested after either maintaining or changing the environmental context from study to test.
  • The effect of using different contexts for two sequential study lists on intrusion errors was analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Both SPTs and VTs exhibited similar recall impairment when the study and test contexts mismatched.
  • Changing the environmental context between two study lists significantly reduced cross-list intrusion errors for both SPTs and VTs.
  • SPTs demonstrated context integration, showing impairment with context change and benefit from varied study environments.

Conclusions:

  • Environmental context plays a crucial role in memory recall for both performed actions and verbal information.
  • Utilizing distinct environmental contexts during learning can enhance memory performance by reducing interference.
  • Subject-performed tasks are strongly integrated with their encoding context, influencing their susceptibility to context changes.