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Related Concept Videos

Plant Cell Wall02:43

Plant Cell Wall

The plant cell wall gives plant cells shape, support, and protection. As a cell matures, its cell wall specializes according to the cell type. For example, the parenchyma cells of leaves possess only a thin, primary cell wall.Collenchyma and sclerenchyma cells, on the other hand, mainly occur in the outer layers of a plant's stems and leaves. These cells provide the plant with strength and support by either partially thickening their primary cell wall (i.e., collenchyma), or depositing a...
Plant Cell Wall01:07

Plant Cell Wall

Plant cells have a cell wall, a rigid outer covering that protects the cell and provides shape and support. During cell division, a mixture of enzymes, proteins, and glucose molecules is transported via vesicles to the center of the cell. These vesicles continuously fuse and build a cell plate between the dividing cells. As the cell plate matures, new polysaccharides are added to it to form the cell walls of the daughter cells. The predominant polysaccharide in the cell wall is cellulose, made...
Role of Microtubules in Cell Wall Deposition01:02

Role of Microtubules in Cell Wall Deposition

Microtubules are small hollow tubes in eukaryotic cells. The cell wall microtubules are polymerized dimers of two globular proteins, α-tubulin and β-tubulin, two globular proteins. With a diameter of about 25 nm, microtubules are the widest components of the cytoskeleton. They help the cell resist compression and provide a track along which vesicles move through the cell or pull replicated chromosomes to opposite ends of a dividing cell. Microtubules go through quick cycles of disassembly and...
Cellulose and Pectic Polysaccharides01:15

Cellulose and Pectic Polysaccharides

Every plant cell has a cell wall that protects the cell, provides structural support, and gives the cell shape. Cellulose, the main structural component of the plant cell wall, makes up over 30% of plant matter. It is the most abundant organic compound on earth.  Cellulose is an unbranched polysaccharide composed of linear chains of glucose molecules linked by β (1→4) glycosidic bonds.
As a cell matures, its cell wall specializes according to its type. For example, the parenchyma cells of...
Cell Adhesion in Plants01:14

Cell Adhesion in Plants

Plants have rigid cell walls that are made up of cell wall polysaccharides that mediate cell-cell adhesion. The primary cell walls of plants consist of two independent and interacting polysaccharide networks: a pectin matrix that embeds the second network comprising cellulose and hemicelluloses.
Pectins are complex heteropolymers mainly composed of negatively-charged α-D-glucopyranosyl uronic acid and some neutral glycosyl residues such as α-L-rhamnopyranose, α-L-arabinofuranose, and...

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Lignin Down-regulation of Zea mays via dsRNAi and Klason Lignin Analysis
14:43

Lignin Down-regulation of Zea mays via dsRNAi and Klason Lignin Analysis

Published on: July 23, 2014

Genetic resources for maize cell wall biology.

Bryan W Penning1, Charles T Hunter, Reuben Tayengwa

  • 1Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.

Plant Physiology
|November 21, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Understanding grass cell walls is key for crops and biofuels. Researchers built a maize gene knowledge base, finding grass-specific genes and mutations impacting cell wall composition, crucial for plant science.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Genomics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Grass cell walls are distinct and vital for biomass in crops and biofuels.
  • Understanding cell wall genes is fundamental to grass growth and development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To build a knowledge base of maize (Zea mays) cell wall genes, their expression, and mutation consequences.
  • To compare grass and eudicot gene family structures and expression patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Annotated over 750 maize genes involved in cell wall biogenesis.
  • Performed comparative genomics across maize, rice, and Arabidopsis.
  • Analyzed transcript profiles of developing ovaries and utilized a UniformMu mutant population.

Main Results:

  • Identified grass-specific gene family structures and expression patterns compared to Arabidopsis.
  • Discovered significant differences in cell wall gene expression (up to 100-fold) within families.
  • Identified numerous mutants affecting cell wall composition using forward and reverse genetics.

Conclusions:

  • A grass-specific genetic model is required for functional analysis due to unique gene family structures and expression.
  • Mutants with altered cell wall composition were identified, highlighting the importance of these genes.
  • This research provides a foundation for understanding and manipulating grass cell walls.