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Language and Cognition

Language and Cognition

Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.

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When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Systematic Hearing Performance Evaluation Process for Adolescents with Cochlear Implantation at Early Ages

Systematic Hearing Performance Evaluation Process for Adolescents with Cochlear Implantation at Early Ages

Published on: March 24, 2023

Phonological processing in post-lingual deafness and cochlear implant outcome.

D S Lazard¹, H J Lee, M Gaebler

¹Ecole Normale Supérieure, Département d'Etudes Cognitives, INSERM U960, Paris, F-75005, France. diane.lazard@bjn.aphp.fr

|November 26, 2009

Summary

Functional MRI scans can predict cochlear implant (CI) success by revealing distinct neural pathways used by patients. This brain imaging data offers better prognosis than clinical data alone for hearing recovery.

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Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Systematic Hearing Performance Evaluation Process for Adolescents with Cochlear Implantation at Early Ages

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Assessment of Audio-Tactile Sensory Substitution Training in Participants with Profound Deafness Using the Event-Related Potential Technique

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Published on: September 7, 2022

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Audiology
Medical Imaging

Background:

Cochlear implant (CI) outcomes are unpredictable despite technological advancements.
Understanding the neural basis of auditory recovery is crucial for accurate prognostication.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can predict post-implantation hearing outcomes in post-lingually deafened adults.
To identify neural mechanisms differentiating good from poor CI performers.

Main Methods:

fMRI scans were used to analyze brain activity in post-lingually deaf adults performing a rhyming task on written words before CI surgery.
Neural activity patterns were correlated with subsequent clinical outcomes.

Main Results:

fMRI data prospectively distinguished between good and poor CI performers.
Good performers utilized a dorsal phonological route, while poor performers engaged a ventral temporo-frontal route and abnormally recruited the right supramarginal gyrus.
These patterns suggest deafness may alter or substitute phonological processing.

Conclusions:

fMRI offers superior predictive power for CI outcomes compared to traditional clinical data.
Pre-operative assessment of phonological processing strategies via fMRI may improve patient selection and outcome prediction for cochlear implantation.