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Related Concept Videos

Data Validation01:03

Data Validation

Data validation is an essential part of a comprehensive assessment. Validation is confirming or verifying and opening the door to gathering more assessment data as it clarifies vague or unclear data. The process of checking and verifying the collected information is called data validation. The primary purpose of data validation is to ensure data is as free from error, bias, and misinterpretation as possible.
Nursing assessment guides are generally based on holistic models rather than medical...
Data Validation01:15

Data Validation

Method validation is a crucial process in analytical chemistry designed to confirm that a given method consistently produces reliable and high-quality results. This process is essential when a method is applied to different sample matrices or when procedural modifications are made, ensuring that the results meet acceptable standards across various applications.
Key parameters for method validation include:
Reliability and Validity01:29

Reliability and Validity

Reliability and validity are two important considerations that must be made with any type of data collection. Reliability refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. In the context of psychological research, this would mean that any instruments or tools used to collect data do so in consistent, reproducible ways.
Introspection01:29

Introspection

Introspection, long upheld as a reliable route to self-knowledge, involves examining one's thoughts, emotions, and mental processes. It underpins many psychological practices, from mindfulness meditation to psychotherapy and self-help strategies. However, empirical evidence challenges the accuracy of introspection as a means of understanding oneself.Limitations of Introspective InsightSeminal work by Nisbett and Wilson demonstrated that individuals are frequently unaware of the true causes...
Self-Evaluation Maintenance Model01:29

Self-Evaluation Maintenance Model

The Self-Evaluation Maintenance (SEM) model offers a psychological framework to understand how individuals’ self-esteem is influenced by the achievements of others, particularly those with whom they share close personal bonds. The SEM model operates when personal rather than social identity guides individuals. Central to this model is the notion that individuals have an inherent desire to preserve a favorable self-image, which is continuously shaped by interpersonal comparisons and...
Social Foundations of Self III: Self-Evaluation01:30

Social Foundations of Self III: Self-Evaluation

Self-evaluation is the process by which individuals assess their abilities, behaviors, and characteristics based on feedback from others. Charles H. Cooley observed that a person’s self-perception is primarily influenced by how others see and judge them. He suggested that individuals form their identities based on their interpretations of others' reactions. As a result, social interactions play a crucial role in shaping self-esteem and personal identity. These external evaluations often blend...

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Qualitative and Quantitative Validation of Tools with Rating Scales Aimed at Assessing the Quality of University Service-Learning
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The bottom-up approach to integrative validity: a new perspective for program evaluation.

Huey T Chen1

  • 1Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, Division of Environmental Hazards and Health Effects, Air Pollution and Respiratory Health Branch, Atlanta, GA, USA. hbc2@cdc.gov

Evaluation and Program Planning
|November 26, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Campbellian validity model overemphasizes internal validity, limiting program evaluation usefulness. An integrative validity model with a bottom-up approach offers a more practical and scientifically sound alternative for health promotion programs.

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Area of Science:

  • Program evaluation
  • Research methodology
  • Health promotion

Background:

  • The Campbellian validity model, emphasizing internal validity, has traditionally guided research and evaluation.
  • An over-reliance on internal validity can decrease evaluation utility and widen the gap between academic research and practical application.
  • Existing models struggle to balance scientific rigor with the practical concerns of stakeholders in program evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the limitations of the traditional Campbellian validity model and top-down approach.
  • To introduce and advocate for the integrative validity model as a superior alternative for program evaluation.
  • To highlight the benefits of a bottom-up approach for enhancing evaluation relevance and utility.

Main Methods:

  • Critical analysis of the Campbellian validity model and top-down approach.
  • Development and conceptualization of the integrative validity model.
  • Examination of the principles of viable validity and a bottom-up approach.

Main Results:

  • The Campbellian model's emphasis on internal validity limits practical applicability.
  • The integrative validity model, incorporating viable validity and a bottom-up approach, addresses these limitations.
  • This new model enhances external validity and stakeholder engagement in program evaluation.

Conclusions:

  • The integrative validity model provides a more balanced and practical framework for program evaluation, particularly in health promotion.
  • A bottom-up approach, central to the integrative model, improves the relevance and workability of external validity.
  • This model offers a new perspective on credible evidence and funding for interventions.